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Characterization of Size-Specific Particulate Matter Emission Rates for a Simulated Medical Laser Procedure--A Pilot Study.

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Title: Characterization of Size-Specific Particulate Matter Emission Rates for a Simulated Medical Laser Procedure--A Pilot Study.
Authors: Lopez, Ramon1 lopezram@iu.edu, Lacey, Steven E.1, Lippert, Julia F.2, Li C. Liu3, Esmen, Nurtan A.2, Conroy, Lorraine M.2
Source: Annals of Occupational Hygiene. May2015, Vol. 59 Issue 4, p514-524. 11p.
Subjects: Analysis of variance, Carbon dioxide, Lasers, Research funding, Scanning electron microscopy, Statistics, Pilot projects, Data analysis, Particulate matter, Ablation techniques, Data analysis software, Descriptive statistics, In vitro studies
Abstract: Prior investigation on medical laser interaction with tissue has suggested device operational parameter settings influence laser generated air contaminant emission, but this has not been systematically explored. A laboratory-based simulated medical laser procedure was designed and pilot tested to determine the effect of laser operational parameters on the size-specific mass emission rate of laser generated particulate matter. Porcine tissue was lased in an emission chamber using two medical laser systems (CO2, A. = 10 600 nm; Ho:YAG, λ = 2100 nm) in a fractional factorial study design by varying three operational parameters (beam diameter, pulse repetition frequency, and power) between two levels (high and low) and the resultant plume was measured using two real-time size-selective particle counters. Particle count concentrations were converted to mass emission rates before an analysis of variance was used to determine the influence of operational parameter settings on size-specific mass emission rate. Particle shape and diameter were described for a limited number of samples by collecting particles on polycarbonate filters, and photographed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to examine method of particle formation. An increase in power and decrease in beam diameter led to an increase in mass emission for the Ho:YAG laser at all size ranges. For the CO2 laser, emission rates were dependent on particle size and were not statistically significant for particle ranges between 5 and 10 µm. When any parameter level was increased, emission rate of the smallest particle size range also increased. Beam diameter was the most influential variable for both lasers, and the operational parameters tested explained the most variability at the smallest particle size range. Particle shape was variable and some particles observed by SEM were likely created from mechanical methods. This study provides a foundation for future investigations to better estimate size-specific mass emission rates and particle characteristics for additional laser operational parameters in order to estimate occupational exposure, and to inform control strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Annals of Occupational Hygiene is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Characterization of Size-Specific Particulate Matter Emission Rates for a Simulated Medical Laser Procedure--A Pilot Study.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Annals+of+Occupational+Hygiene%22">Annals of Occupational Hygiene</searchLink>. May2015, Vol. 59 Issue 4, p514-524. 11p.
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  Data: Prior investigation on medical laser interaction with tissue has suggested device operational parameter settings influence laser generated air contaminant emission, but this has not been systematically explored. A laboratory-based simulated medical laser procedure was designed and pilot tested to determine the effect of laser operational parameters on the size-specific mass emission rate of laser generated particulate matter. Porcine tissue was lased in an emission chamber using two medical laser systems (CO2, A. = 10 600 nm; Ho:YAG, λ = 2100 nm) in a fractional factorial study design by varying three operational parameters (beam diameter, pulse repetition frequency, and power) between two levels (high and low) and the resultant plume was measured using two real-time size-selective particle counters. Particle count concentrations were converted to mass emission rates before an analysis of variance was used to determine the influence of operational parameter settings on size-specific mass emission rate. Particle shape and diameter were described for a limited number of samples by collecting particles on polycarbonate filters, and photographed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to examine method of particle formation. An increase in power and decrease in beam diameter led to an increase in mass emission for the Ho:YAG laser at all size ranges. For the CO2 laser, emission rates were dependent on particle size and were not statistically significant for particle ranges between 5 and 10 µm. When any parameter level was increased, emission rate of the smallest particle size range also increased. Beam diameter was the most influential variable for both lasers, and the operational parameters tested explained the most variability at the smallest particle size range. Particle shape was variable and some particles observed by SEM were likely created from mechanical methods. This study provides a foundation for future investigations to better estimate size-specific mass emission rates and particle characteristics for additional laser operational parameters in order to estimate occupational exposure, and to inform control strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Annals of Occupational Hygiene is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1093/annhyg/meu115
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 514
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Analysis of variance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Carbon dioxide
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lasers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research funding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Scanning electron microscopy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pilot projects
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Particulate matter
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ablation techniques
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      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
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      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: In vitro studies
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      – TitleFull: Characterization of Size-Specific Particulate Matter Emission Rates for a Simulated Medical Laser Procedure--A Pilot Study.
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            NameFull: Li C. Liu
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            NameFull: Esmen, Nurtan A.
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              Text: May2015
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