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Spectral CT of carotid atherosclerotic plaque: comparison with histology.

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Title: Spectral CT of carotid atherosclerotic plaque: comparison with histology.
Authors: Zainon R (AUTHOR), Ronaldson JP (AUTHOR), Janmale T (AUTHOR), Scott NJ (AUTHOR), Buckenham TM (AUTHOR), Butler AP (AUTHOR), Butler PH (AUTHOR), Doesburg RM (AUTHOR), Gieseg SP (AUTHOR), Roake JA (AUTHOR), Anderson NG (AUTHOR), Zainon, R1 (AUTHOR), Ronaldson, J P (AUTHOR), Janmale, T (AUTHOR), Scott, N J (AUTHOR), Buckenham, T M (AUTHOR), Butler, A P H (AUTHOR), Butler, P H (AUTHOR), Doesburg, R M (AUTHOR), Gieseg, S P (AUTHOR)
Source: European Radiology. Dec2012, Vol. 22 Issue 12, p2581-2588. 8p.
Abstract: Objective: To distinguish components of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque by imaging their energy response using spectral CT and comparing images with histology.Methods: After spectroscopic calibration using phantoms of plaque surrogates, excised human carotid atherosclerotic plaques were imaged using MARS CT using a photon-processing detector with a silicon sensor layer and microfocus X-ray tube (50 kVp, 0.5 mA) at 38-μm voxel size. The plaques were imaged, sectioned and re-imaged using four threshold energies: 10, 16, 22 and 28 keV; then sequentially stained with modified Von Kossa, Perl's Prussian blue and Oil-Red O, and photographed. Relative Hounsfield units across the energies were entered into a linear algebraic material decomposition model to identify the unknown plaque components.Results: Lipid, calcium, iron and water-like components of plaque have distinguishable energy responses to X-ray, visible on spectral CT images. CT images of the plaque surface correlated very well with histological photographs. Calcium deposits (>1,000 μm) in plaque are larger than iron deposits (<100 μm), but could not be distinguished from each other within the same voxel using the energy range available.Conclusions: Spectral CT displays energy information in image form at high spatial resolution, enhancing the intrinsic contrast of lipid, calcium and iron within atheroma.Key Points: Spectral computed tomography offers new insights into tissue characterisation. Components of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque are spectrally distinct with intrinsic contrast. Spectral CT of excised atherosclerotic plaques can display iron, calcium and lipid. Calcium deposits are larger than iron deposits in atheroma. Spectral CT may help in the non-invasive detection of vulnerable plaques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Radiology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Spectral CT of carotid atherosclerotic plaque: comparison with histology.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Zainon+R%22&quot;&gt;Zainon R&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Ronaldson+JP%22&quot;&gt;Ronaldson JP&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Janmale+T%22&quot;&gt;Janmale T&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Scott+NJ%22&quot;&gt;Scott NJ&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Buckenham+TM%22&quot;&gt;Buckenham TM&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Butler+AP%22&quot;&gt;Butler AP&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Butler+PH%22&quot;&gt;Butler PH&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Doesburg+RM%22&quot;&gt;Doesburg RM&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Gieseg+SP%22&quot;&gt;Gieseg SP&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Roake+JA%22&quot;&gt;Roake JA&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Anderson+NG%22&quot;&gt;Anderson NG&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Zainon%2C+R%22&quot;&gt;Zainon, R&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Ronaldson%2C+J+P%22&quot;&gt;Ronaldson, J P&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Janmale%2C+T%22&quot;&gt;Janmale, T&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Scott%2C+N+J%22&quot;&gt;Scott, N J&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Buckenham%2C+T+M%22&quot;&gt;Buckenham, T M&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Butler%2C+A+P+H%22&quot;&gt;Butler, A P H&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Butler%2C+P+H%22&quot;&gt;Butler, P H&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Doesburg%2C+R+M%22&quot;&gt;Doesburg, R M&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Gieseg%2C+S+P%22&quot;&gt;Gieseg, S P&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22European+Radiology%22&quot;&gt;European Radiology&lt;/searchLink&gt;. Dec2012, Vol. 22 Issue 12, p2581-2588. 8p.
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  Data: &lt;bold&gt;Objective: &lt;/bold&gt;To distinguish components of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque by imaging their energy response using spectral CT and comparing images with histology.&lt;bold&gt;Methods: &lt;/bold&gt;After spectroscopic calibration using phantoms of plaque surrogates, excised human carotid atherosclerotic plaques were imaged using MARS CT using a photon-processing detector with a silicon sensor layer and microfocus X-ray tube (50 kVp, 0.5 mA) at 38-μm voxel size. The plaques were imaged, sectioned and re-imaged using four threshold energies: 10, 16, 22 and 28 keV; then sequentially stained with modified Von Kossa, Perl&#39;s Prussian blue and Oil-Red O, and photographed. Relative Hounsfield units across the energies were entered into a linear algebraic material decomposition model to identify the unknown plaque components.&lt;bold&gt;Results: &lt;/bold&gt;Lipid, calcium, iron and water-like components of plaque have distinguishable energy responses to X-ray, visible on spectral CT images. CT images of the plaque surface correlated very well with histological photographs. Calcium deposits (&gt;1,000 μm) in plaque are larger than iron deposits (&lt;100 μm), but could not be distinguished from each other within the same voxel using the energy range available.&lt;bold&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/bold&gt;Spectral CT displays energy information in image form at high spatial resolution, enhancing the intrinsic contrast of lipid, calcium and iron within atheroma.&lt;bold&gt;Key Points: &lt;/bold&gt;Spectral computed tomography offers new insights into tissue characterisation. Components of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque are spectrally distinct with intrinsic contrast. Spectral CT of excised atherosclerotic plaques can display iron, calcium and lipid. Calcium deposits are larger than iron deposits in atheroma. Spectral CT may help in the non-invasive detection of vulnerable plaques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of European Radiology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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