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Spectroscopic (multi-energy) CT distinguishes iodine and barium contrast material in MICE.

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Title: Spectroscopic (multi-energy) CT distinguishes iodine and barium contrast material in MICE.
Authors: Anderson NG (AUTHOR), Butler AP (AUTHOR), Scott NJ (AUTHOR), Cook NJ (AUTHOR), Butzer JS (AUTHOR), Schleich N (AUTHOR), Firsching M (AUTHOR), Grasset R (AUTHOR), de Ruiter N (AUTHOR), Campbell M (AUTHOR), Butler PH (AUTHOR), Anderson, N G1 (AUTHOR), Butler, A P (AUTHOR), Scott, N J A (AUTHOR), Cook, N J (AUTHOR), Butzer, J S (AUTHOR), Schleich, N (AUTHOR), Firsching, M (AUTHOR), Grasset, R (AUTHOR), de Ruiter, N (AUTHOR)
Source: European Radiology. Sep2010, Vol. 20 Issue 9, p2126-2134. 9p.
Abstract: Objective: Spectral CT differs from dual-energy CT by using a conventional X-ray tube and a photon-counting detector. We wished to produce 3D spectroscopic images of mice that distinguished calcium, iodine and barium.Methods: We developed a desktop spectral CT, dubbed MARS, based around the Medipix2 photon-counting energy-discriminating detector. The single conventional X-ray tube operated at constant voltage (75 kVp) and constant current (150 microA). We anaesthetised with ketamine six black mice (C57BL/6). We introduced iodinated contrast material and barium sulphate into the vascular system, alimentary tract and respiratory tract as we euthanised them. The mice were preserved in resin and imaged at four detector energy levels from 12 keV to 42 keV to include the K-edges of iodine (33.0 keV) and barium (37.4 keV). Principal component analysis was applied to reconstructed images to identify components with independent energy response, then displayed in 2D and 3D.Results: Iodinated and barium contrast material was spectrally distinct from soft tissue and bone in all six mice. Calcium, iodine and barium were displayed as separate channels on 3D colour images at <55 microm isotropic voxels.Conclusion: Spectral CT distinguishes contrast agents with K-edges only 4 keV apart. Multi-contrast imaging and molecular CT are potential future applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Radiology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Spectroscopic (multi-energy) CT distinguishes iodine and barium contrast material in MICE.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Anderson+NG%22&quot;&gt;Anderson NG&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Butler+AP%22&quot;&gt;Butler AP&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Scott+NJ%22&quot;&gt;Scott NJ&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Cook+NJ%22&quot;&gt;Cook NJ&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Butzer+JS%22&quot;&gt;Butzer JS&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Schleich+N%22&quot;&gt;Schleich N&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Firsching+M%22&quot;&gt;Firsching M&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Grasset+R%22&quot;&gt;Grasset R&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22de+Ruiter+N%22&quot;&gt;de Ruiter N&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Campbell+M%22&quot;&gt;Campbell M&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Butler+PH%22&quot;&gt;Butler PH&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Anderson%2C+N+G%22&quot;&gt;Anderson, N G&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Butler%2C+A+P%22&quot;&gt;Butler, A P&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Scott%2C+N+J+A%22&quot;&gt;Scott, N J A&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Cook%2C+N+J%22&quot;&gt;Cook, N J&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Butzer%2C+J+S%22&quot;&gt;Butzer, J S&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Schleich%2C+N%22&quot;&gt;Schleich, N&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Firsching%2C+M%22&quot;&gt;Firsching, M&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Grasset%2C+R%22&quot;&gt;Grasset, R&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22de+Ruiter%2C+N%22&quot;&gt;de Ruiter, N&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22European+Radiology%22&quot;&gt;European Radiology&lt;/searchLink&gt;. Sep2010, Vol. 20 Issue 9, p2126-2134. 9p.
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  Data: &lt;bold&gt;Objective: &lt;/bold&gt;Spectral CT differs from dual-energy CT by using a conventional X-ray tube and a photon-counting detector. We wished to produce 3D spectroscopic images of mice that distinguished calcium, iodine and barium.&lt;bold&gt;Methods: &lt;/bold&gt;We developed a desktop spectral CT, dubbed MARS, based around the Medipix2 photon-counting energy-discriminating detector. The single conventional X-ray tube operated at constant voltage (75 kVp) and constant current (150 microA). We anaesthetised with ketamine six black mice (C57BL/6). We introduced iodinated contrast material and barium sulphate into the vascular system, alimentary tract and respiratory tract as we euthanised them. The mice were preserved in resin and imaged at four detector energy levels from 12 keV to 42 keV to include the K-edges of iodine (33.0 keV) and barium (37.4 keV). Principal component analysis was applied to reconstructed images to identify components with independent energy response, then displayed in 2D and 3D.&lt;bold&gt;Results: &lt;/bold&gt;Iodinated and barium contrast material was spectrally distinct from soft tissue and bone in all six mice. Calcium, iodine and barium were displayed as separate channels on 3D colour images at &lt;55 microm isotropic voxels.&lt;bold&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/bold&gt;Spectral CT distinguishes contrast agents with K-edges only 4 keV apart. Multi-contrast imaging and molecular CT are potential future applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of European Radiology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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