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Depth-Dependent Survival of Escherichia coli and Enterococci in Soil after Manure Application and Simulated Rainfall.

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Title: Depth-Dependent Survival of Escherichia coli and Enterococci in Soil after Manure Application and Simulated Rainfall.
Authors: Stocker, M. D.1,2 Matthew.Stocker@ars.usda.gov, Pachepsky, Y. A.1, Hill, R. L.2, Shelton, D. R.1
Source: Applied & Environmental Microbiology. Jul2015, Vol. 81 Issue 14, p4801-4808. 8p.
Subjects: Soil microbial ecology, Escherichia coli enzymes, Enterococcus, Manure handling, Escherichia coli toxins
Abstract: Once released, manure-borne bacteria can enter runoff via interaction with the thin mixing layer near the soil surface. The objectives of this work were to document temporal changes in profile distributions of manure-borne Escherichia coli and enterococci in the near-surface soil layers after simulated rainfalls and to examine differences in survival of the two fecal indicator bacteria. Rainfall simulations were performed in triplicate on soil-filled boxes with grass cover and solid manure application for 1 h with rainfall depths of 30, 60, and 90 mm. Soil samples were collected weekly from depth ranges of 0 to 1, 1 to 2, 2 to 5, and 5 to 10 cm for 1 month. Rainfall intensity was found to have a significant impact on the initial concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria in the soil. While total numbers of enterococci rapidly declined over time, E. coli populations experienced initial growth with concentration increases of 4, 10, and 25 times the initial levels at rainfall treatment depths of 30, 60, and 90 mm, respectively. E. coli populations grew to the approximately the same level in all treatments. The 0- to 1-cm layer contained more indicator bacteria than the layers beneath it, and survival of indicator bacteria was better in this layer, with decimation times between 12 and 18 days after the first week of growth. The proportion of bacteria in the 0- to 1-cm layer grew with time as the total number of bacteria in the 0- to 10-cm layer declined. The results of this work indicate the need to revisit the bacterial survival patterns that are assumed in water quality models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Applied & Environmental Microbiology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 108471394
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Depth-Dependent Survival of Escherichia coli and Enterococci in Soil after Manure Application and Simulated Rainfall.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Stocker%2C+M%2E+D%2E%22">Stocker, M. D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><i> Matthew.Stocker@ars.usda.gov</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pachepsky%2C+Y%2E+A%2E%22">Pachepsky, Y. A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hill%2C+R%2E+L%2E%22">Hill, R. L.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shelton%2C+D%2E+R%2E%22">Shelton, D. R.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Applied+%26+Environmental+Microbiology%22">Applied & Environmental Microbiology</searchLink>. Jul2015, Vol. 81 Issue 14, p4801-4808. 8p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soil+microbial+ecology%22">Soil microbial ecology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Escherichia+coli+enzymes%22">Escherichia coli enzymes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Enterococcus%22">Enterococcus</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Manure+handling%22">Manure handling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Escherichia+coli+toxins%22">Escherichia coli toxins</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Once released, manure-borne bacteria can enter runoff via interaction with the thin mixing layer near the soil surface. The objectives of this work were to document temporal changes in profile distributions of manure-borne Escherichia coli and enterococci in the near-surface soil layers after simulated rainfalls and to examine differences in survival of the two fecal indicator bacteria. Rainfall simulations were performed in triplicate on soil-filled boxes with grass cover and solid manure application for 1 h with rainfall depths of 30, 60, and 90 mm. Soil samples were collected weekly from depth ranges of 0 to 1, 1 to 2, 2 to 5, and 5 to 10 cm for 1 month. Rainfall intensity was found to have a significant impact on the initial concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria in the soil. While total numbers of enterococci rapidly declined over time, E. coli populations experienced initial growth with concentration increases of 4, 10, and 25 times the initial levels at rainfall treatment depths of 30, 60, and 90 mm, respectively. E. coli populations grew to the approximately the same level in all treatments. The 0- to 1-cm layer contained more indicator bacteria than the layers beneath it, and survival of indicator bacteria was better in this layer, with decimation times between 12 and 18 days after the first week of growth. The proportion of bacteria in the 0- to 1-cm layer grew with time as the total number of bacteria in the 0- to 10-cm layer declined. The results of this work indicate the need to revisit the bacterial survival patterns that are assumed in water quality models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Applied & Environmental Microbiology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1128/AEM.00705-15
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Soil microbial ecology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Escherichia coli enzymes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Enterococcus
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Manure handling
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      – SubjectFull: Escherichia coli toxins
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      – TitleFull: Depth-Dependent Survival of Escherichia coli and Enterococci in Soil after Manure Application and Simulated Rainfall.
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              Text: Jul2015
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