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Spatiotemporal patterns of high-mountain lakes and related hazards in western Austria.

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Title: Spatiotemporal patterns of high-mountain lakes and related hazards in western Austria.
Authors: Emmer, Adam1,2,3 aemmer@seznam.cz, Merkl, Sarah2, Mergili, Martin2,4
Source: Geomorphology. Oct2015, Vol. 246, p602-616. 15p.
Subjects: Lakes, Bodies of water, Hazards, Accidents
Geographic Terms: Austria
Abstract: Climate-induced environmental changes are triggering the dynamic evolution of high-mountain lakes worldwide, a phenomenon that has to be monitored in terms of lake outburst hazards. We analyzed the spatial distribution and recent temporal development of high-mountain lakes in a study area of 6139 km 2 , covering the central European Alps over most of the province of Tyrol and part of the province of Salzburg in western Austria. We identified 1024 natural lakes. While eight lakes are ice-dammed, one-third of all lakes are located in the immediate vicinity of recent glacier tongues, half of them impounded by moraines, half by bedrock. Two-thirds of all lakes are apparently related to LIA or earlier glaciations. One landslide-dammed lake was identified in the study area. The evolution of nine selected (pro)glacial lakes was analyzed in detail, using multitemporal remotely sensed images and field reconnaissance. Considerable glacier retreat led to significant lake growth at four localities, two lakes experienced stagnant or slightly negative areal trends, one lake experienced a more significant negative areal trend, and two lakes drained completely during the investigation period. We further (i) analyzed the susceptibility of selected lakes to glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs), using two different methods; (ii) identified potential triggers and mechanisms of GLOFs; (iii) calculated possible flood magnitudes for predefined flood scenarios for a subset of the lakes; and (iv) delineated potentially impacted areas. We distinguished three phases of development of bedrock-dammed lakes: (a) a proglacial, (b) a glacier-detached, and (c) a nonglacial phase. The dynamics — and also the susceptibility of a lake to GLOFs — decrease substantially from (a) to (c). Lakes in the stages (a) and (b) are less prominent in our study area, compared to other glacierized high-mountain regions, leading us to the conclusion that (i) the current threat to the population by GLOFs is lower but (ii) the future development of emerging lakes has to be monitored carefully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Geomorphology is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 108941563
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Spatiotemporal patterns of high-mountain lakes and related hazards in western Austria.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Emmer%2C+Adam%22">Emmer, Adam</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo><i> aemmer@seznam.cz</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Merkl%2C+Sarah%22">Merkl, Sarah</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mergili%2C+Martin%22">Mergili, Martin</searchLink><relatesTo>2,4</relatesTo>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Climate-induced environmental changes are triggering the dynamic evolution of high-mountain lakes worldwide, a phenomenon that has to be monitored in terms of lake outburst hazards. We analyzed the spatial distribution and recent temporal development of high-mountain lakes in a study area of 6139 km 2 , covering the central European Alps over most of the province of Tyrol and part of the province of Salzburg in western Austria. We identified 1024 natural lakes. While eight lakes are ice-dammed, one-third of all lakes are located in the immediate vicinity of recent glacier tongues, half of them impounded by moraines, half by bedrock. Two-thirds of all lakes are apparently related to LIA or earlier glaciations. One landslide-dammed lake was identified in the study area. The evolution of nine selected (pro)glacial lakes was analyzed in detail, using multitemporal remotely sensed images and field reconnaissance. Considerable glacier retreat led to significant lake growth at four localities, two lakes experienced stagnant or slightly negative areal trends, one lake experienced a more significant negative areal trend, and two lakes drained completely during the investigation period. We further (i) analyzed the susceptibility of selected lakes to glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs), using two different methods; (ii) identified potential triggers and mechanisms of GLOFs; (iii) calculated possible flood magnitudes for predefined flood scenarios for a subset of the lakes; and (iv) delineated potentially impacted areas. We distinguished three phases of development of bedrock-dammed lakes: (a) a proglacial, (b) a glacier-detached, and (c) a nonglacial phase. The dynamics — and also the susceptibility of a lake to GLOFs — decrease substantially from (a) to (c). Lakes in the stages (a) and (b) are less prominent in our study area, compared to other glacierized high-mountain regions, leading us to the conclusion that (i) the current threat to the population by GLOFs is lower but (ii) the future development of emerging lakes has to be monitored carefully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Geomorphology is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.06.032
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 15
        StartPage: 602
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Lakes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bodies of water
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      – SubjectFull: Hazards
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Accidents
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Austria
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Spatiotemporal patterns of high-mountain lakes and related hazards in western Austria.
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            NameFull: Emmer, Adam
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            NameFull: Merkl, Sarah
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            NameFull: Mergili, Martin
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            – D: 01
              M: 10
              Text: Oct2015
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              Y: 2015
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              Value: 246
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