Different effects of Cr3C2 and VC on the sintering behavior of WC–Co materials.
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| Title: | Different effects of Cr3C2 and VC on the sintering behavior of WC–Co materials. |
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| Authors: | Wang, Hongtao1 hongtao.wang@kennametal.com, Webb, Tim1, Bitler, Jonathan W.1 |
| Source: | International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials. Nov2015 Part B, Vol. 53, p117-122. 6p. |
| Subjects: | Tungsten-cobalt alloys, Carbides, Sintering, Dilatometers, Gas analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometers |
| Abstract: | Cr 3 C 2 and VC are two typical grain growth inhibitors used in producing fine grain microstructure in WC–Co materials. In this investigation, the sintering processes of Cr 3 C 2 and VC doped submicron WC–Co powders were studied by using dilatometry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and evolved gas analysis (EGA) by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry (FT-IR). The combination of these methods can provide a comprehensive understanding of sintering processes of Cr 3 C 2 and VC doped WC–Co powders during heating. Results show that, below 900 °C, similar sintering behaviors were observed for both Cr 3 C 2 and VC doped WC–Co powders, showing a wax vaporization process in the range of 200 °C to 400 °C, and tungsten oxide reduction by carbon occurring around 800 °C. Onset of densification begins around 900 °C. Differences in sintering reaction and densification were observed above 900 °C. First, VC doping shows an outgassing reaction and a clear shrinkage inflection, increase in shrinkage rate, in the dilatometer curve between 900 and 1100 °C, while Cr 3 C 2 doping shows only slight outgassing and no shrinkage inflection in the dilatometer response within the same temperature range. Second, Cr 3 C 2 doping shows a strong outgassing reaction in the 1200–1400 °C range, which was not evident in the VC doped material. Third, Cr 3 C 2 doping also shows a higher melting temperature than VC doping. Possible mechanisms for these different sintering reactions and resulting sintering behaviors have been discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 109983468 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Different effects of Cr3C2 and VC on the sintering behavior of WC–Co materials. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Hongtao%22">Wang, Hongtao</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> hongtao.wang@kennametal.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Webb%2C+Tim%22">Webb, Tim</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bitler%2C+Jonathan+W%2E%22">Bitler, Jonathan W.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Refractory+Metals+%26+Hard+Materials%22">International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials</searchLink>. Nov2015 Part B, Vol. 53, p117-122. 6p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tungsten-cobalt+alloys%22">Tungsten-cobalt alloys</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbides%22">Carbides</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sintering%22">Sintering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dilatometers%22">Dilatometers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gas+analysis%22">Gas analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fourier+transform+infrared+spectrophotometers%22">Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometers</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Cr 3 C 2 and VC are two typical grain growth inhibitors used in producing fine grain microstructure in WC–Co materials. In this investigation, the sintering processes of Cr 3 C 2 and VC doped submicron WC–Co powders were studied by using dilatometry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and evolved gas analysis (EGA) by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry (FT-IR). The combination of these methods can provide a comprehensive understanding of sintering processes of Cr 3 C 2 and VC doped WC–Co powders during heating. Results show that, below 900 °C, similar sintering behaviors were observed for both Cr 3 C 2 and VC doped WC–Co powders, showing a wax vaporization process in the range of 200 °C to 400 °C, and tungsten oxide reduction by carbon occurring around 800 °C. Onset of densification begins around 900 °C. Differences in sintering reaction and densification were observed above 900 °C. First, VC doping shows an outgassing reaction and a clear shrinkage inflection, increase in shrinkage rate, in the dilatometer curve between 900 and 1100 °C, while Cr 3 C 2 doping shows only slight outgassing and no shrinkage inflection in the dilatometer response within the same temperature range. Second, Cr 3 C 2 doping shows a strong outgassing reaction in the 1200–1400 °C range, which was not evident in the VC doped material. Third, Cr 3 C 2 doping also shows a higher melting temperature than VC doping. Possible mechanisms for these different sintering reactions and resulting sintering behaviors have been discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2015.07.004 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 6 StartPage: 117 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Tungsten-cobalt alloys Type: general – SubjectFull: Carbides Type: general – SubjectFull: Sintering Type: general – SubjectFull: Dilatometers Type: general – SubjectFull: Gas analysis Type: general – SubjectFull: Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometers Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Different effects of Cr3C2 and VC on the sintering behavior of WC–Co materials. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Wang, Hongtao – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Webb, Tim – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Bitler, Jonathan W. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 15 M: 11 Text: Nov2015 Part B Type: published Y: 2015 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 02634368 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 53 Titles: – TitleFull: International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
