Investigation into the non-biological outputs of mechanical–biological treatment facilities.
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| Title: | Investigation into the non-biological outputs of mechanical–biological treatment facilities. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Cook, Ed1, Wagland, Stuart1, Coulon, Frédéric1 f.coulon@cranfield.ac.uk |
| Source: | Waste Management. Dec2015, Vol. 46, p212-226. 15p. |
| Subjects: | Mechanical biological treatment system, Landfills, Addition reactions, Industrial contamination, Biodrying, Anaerobic digestion, Particle size distribution |
| Abstract: | Mechanical–biological and biological–mechanical treatment (MBT/BMT) are effective methods for reducing biogenic additions to landfill, producing fuel products and recovering recyclate from residual waste. However, large amounts of contamination in the non-biological outputs reduce their market value. The aim of this study was therefore to identify the principal drivers and barriers to the marketability of ferrous metals (MBTFe) and heavy inert rejects (MBTr) recovered from four UK MBT/BMT plants. The plants were either using biodrying or anaerobic digestion (AD-MBT) for biological processing. Samples were collected at the different recovery stage processes and characterised for elemental composition and particle size distribution. Results showed that processes at the two biodrying plants produced MBTFe with 10% less contamination by non-target materials than the two AD-MBT plants. Further to this, approximately 10% of the MBTFe fraction sampled at all four facilities comprised non-target material which had become entrapped in the folds of metal food containers. A possible cause is waste comminution in the cutting gap of the low-speed high-torque cutting mills. Upgrading MBTFe outputs could save the UK MBT/BMT industry up to £4.4 million per annum which equates to £230,000 per annum for an average sized facility (i.e. capacity 108,000 tpa). Glass content in the MBTr samples ranged between 44% and 62%, however all plants showed approximately 85% combined content of glass, bricks, stones and ceramics. The biodegradable content in the MBTr samples indicated that only minimal upgrade would be required to achieve the Landfill Directive requirements for inert waste. Again valorisation of MBTr could save the UK MBT/BMT industry up to £1.9 million pa which equates to £160,000 per annum for an average sized facility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Waste Management is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 110790781 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Investigation into the non-biological outputs of mechanical–biological treatment facilities. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cook%2C+Ed%22">Cook, Ed</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wagland%2C+Stuart%22">Wagland, Stuart</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Coulon%2C+Frédéric%22">Coulon, Frédéric</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> f.coulon@cranfield.ac.uk</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Waste+Management%22">Waste Management</searchLink>. Dec2015, Vol. 46, p212-226. 15p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+biological+treatment+system%22">Mechanical biological treatment system</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Landfills%22">Landfills</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Addition+reactions%22">Addition reactions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Industrial+contamination%22">Industrial contamination</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biodrying%22">Biodrying</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anaerobic+digestion%22">Anaerobic digestion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Particle+size+distribution%22">Particle size distribution</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Mechanical–biological and biological–mechanical treatment (MBT/BMT) are effective methods for reducing biogenic additions to landfill, producing fuel products and recovering recyclate from residual waste. However, large amounts of contamination in the non-biological outputs reduce their market value. The aim of this study was therefore to identify the principal drivers and barriers to the marketability of ferrous metals (MBTFe) and heavy inert rejects (MBTr) recovered from four UK MBT/BMT plants. The plants were either using biodrying or anaerobic digestion (AD-MBT) for biological processing. Samples were collected at the different recovery stage processes and characterised for elemental composition and particle size distribution. Results showed that processes at the two biodrying plants produced MBTFe with 10% less contamination by non-target materials than the two AD-MBT plants. Further to this, approximately 10% of the MBTFe fraction sampled at all four facilities comprised non-target material which had become entrapped in the folds of metal food containers. A possible cause is waste comminution in the cutting gap of the low-speed high-torque cutting mills. Upgrading MBTFe outputs could save the UK MBT/BMT industry up to £4.4 million per annum which equates to £230,000 per annum for an average sized facility (i.e. capacity 108,000 tpa). Glass content in the MBTr samples ranged between 44% and 62%, however all plants showed approximately 85% combined content of glass, bricks, stones and ceramics. The biodegradable content in the MBTr samples indicated that only minimal upgrade would be required to achieve the Landfill Directive requirements for inert waste. Again valorisation of MBTr could save the UK MBT/BMT industry up to £1.9 million pa which equates to £160,000 per annum for an average sized facility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Waste Management is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.09.014 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 15 StartPage: 212 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Mechanical biological treatment system Type: general – SubjectFull: Landfills Type: general – SubjectFull: Addition reactions Type: general – SubjectFull: Industrial contamination Type: general – SubjectFull: Biodrying Type: general – SubjectFull: Anaerobic digestion Type: general – SubjectFull: Particle size distribution Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Investigation into the non-biological outputs of mechanical–biological treatment facilities. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Cook, Ed – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Wagland, Stuart – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Coulon, Frédéric IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 12 Text: Dec2015 Type: published Y: 2015 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 0956053X Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 46 Titles: – TitleFull: Waste Management Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
