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Kinematic hand parameters in front crawl at different paces of swimming.

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Title: Kinematic hand parameters in front crawl at different paces of swimming.
Authors: Samson, Mathias1 mathias.samson@univ-poitiers.fr, Monnet, Tony1, Bernard, Anthony1, Lacouture, Patrick1, David, Laurent1
Source: Journal of Biomechanics. Nov2015, Vol. 48 Issue 14, p3743-3750. 8p.
Subjects: Kinematics, Crawl stroke (Swimming), Propulsion systems, Optoelectronics, Swimmers, Acceleration (Mechanics)
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of kinematic hand parameters (sweepback angle, angle of attack, velocity, acceleration and orientation of the hand relative to the absolute coordinate system) throughout an aquatic stroke and to study the possible modifications caused by a variation of the swimming pace. Seventeen competitive swimmers swam at long distance, middle distance and sprint paces. Parameters were calculated from the trajectory of seven markers on the hand measured with an optoelectronic system. Results showed that kinematic hand parameters evolve differently depending on the pace. Angle of attack, sweepback angle, acceleration and orientation of the hand do not vary significantly. The velocity of the hand increases when the pace increases, but only during the less propulsive phases (entry and stretch and downsweep to catch). The more the pace increases and the more the absolute durations of the entry and stretch and downsweep to catch phases decrease. Absolute durations of the insweep and upsweep phases remain constant. During these phases, the propulsive hand forces calculated do not vary significantly when the pace increases. The increase of swimming pace is then explained by the swimmer's capacity to maintain propulsive phases rather than increasing the force generation within each cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Biomechanics is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 111057278
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Kinematic hand parameters in front crawl at different paces of swimming.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Samson%2C+Mathias%22">Samson, Mathias</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> mathias.samson@univ-poitiers.fr</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Monnet%2C+Tony%22">Monnet, Tony</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bernard%2C+Anthony%22">Bernard, Anthony</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lacouture%2C+Patrick%22">Lacouture, Patrick</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22David%2C+Laurent%22">David, Laurent</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Kinematics%22">Kinematics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Crawl+stroke+%28Swimming%29%22">Crawl stroke (Swimming)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Propulsion+systems%22">Propulsion systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Optoelectronics%22">Optoelectronics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Swimmers%22">Swimmers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Acceleration+%28Mechanics%29%22">Acceleration (Mechanics)</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: The aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of kinematic hand parameters (sweepback angle, angle of attack, velocity, acceleration and orientation of the hand relative to the absolute coordinate system) throughout an aquatic stroke and to study the possible modifications caused by a variation of the swimming pace. Seventeen competitive swimmers swam at long distance, middle distance and sprint paces. Parameters were calculated from the trajectory of seven markers on the hand measured with an optoelectronic system. Results showed that kinematic hand parameters evolve differently depending on the pace. Angle of attack, sweepback angle, acceleration and orientation of the hand do not vary significantly. The velocity of the hand increases when the pace increases, but only during the less propulsive phases (entry and stretch and downsweep to catch). The more the pace increases and the more the absolute durations of the entry and stretch and downsweep to catch phases decrease. Absolute durations of the insweep and upsweep phases remain constant. During these phases, the propulsive hand forces calculated do not vary significantly when the pace increases. The increase of swimming pace is then explained by the swimmer's capacity to maintain propulsive phases rather than increasing the force generation within each cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Biomechanics is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.07.034
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 8
        StartPage: 3743
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Kinematics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Crawl stroke (Swimming)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Propulsion systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Optoelectronics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Swimmers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Acceleration (Mechanics)
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Kinematic hand parameters in front crawl at different paces of swimming.
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            NameFull: Samson, Mathias
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            NameFull: Monnet, Tony
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            NameFull: Bernard, Anthony
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            NameFull: Lacouture, Patrick
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            NameFull: David, Laurent
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              M: 11
              Text: Nov2015
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              Y: 2015
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