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Pressurised liquid extraction–comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography for fast-screening of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil

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Title: Pressurised liquid extraction–comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography for fast-screening of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil
Authors: Ong, Ruby1, Lundstedt, Staffan2, Haglund, Peter2, Marriott, Philip1 philip.marriott@rmit.edu.au
Source: Journal of Chromatography A. Nov2003, Vol. 1019 Issue 1/2, p221. 12p.
Subjects: Gas chromatography, Chromatographic analysis, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Extraction (Chemistry), Ionization (Atomic physics), Soils
Abstract: Pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) was applied to the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from contaminated soils from Husarviken in Stockholm, Sweden. The extraction step was followed by conventional gas chromatography (GC), comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) (both with flame ionisation detection) and gas chromatography–quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. Qualitative and quantitative aspects of the results are considered. Qualitatively, results from all chromatographic analyses are in good agreement, and PLE provides a reliable extraction technique with all PAHs extracted in one extraction step; no carry over was observed. With respect to PAH quantification, some variability in results was noted, with better agreement in PAH concentrations for GC and GC×GC measurement, as compared to GC–MS. GC analysis compares favourably with GC×GC apart from the few exceptions where peaks are not fully resolved from other co-extracted analytes, which compromises GC-FID measurement. For example, acenaphthene shows a much higher concentration when measured by GC-FID, demonstrating the superior separating powers of GC×GC; the latter is the preferred technique if precise and accurate quantification of analytes are required. GC–MS results compare reasonably with GC×GC for low-molecular mass PAHs but not for high-molecular mass PAHs; results for GC–MS are consistently higher than those for GC×GC for high-molecular mass PAHs. Since PLE–GC×GC is proposed as a broad screening tool, the demand for precise quantification may be relaxed in the present situation. GC×GC has the added advantage of providing chemical structural information within the two-dimensional contour presentation. Reproducibilities for GC×GC results (peak area) and 2tR were acceptable with relative standard deviations (R.S.D.) of 8 and 1%, respectively (at the mg/kg level), and good repeatability within samples was achieved. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Journal of Chromatography A is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: Pressurised liquid extraction–comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography for fast-screening of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ong%2C+Ruby%22">Ong, Ruby</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lundstedt%2C+Staffan%22">Lundstedt, Staffan</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Haglund%2C+Peter%22">Haglund, Peter</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Marriott%2C+Philip%22">Marriott, Philip</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> philip.marriott@rmit.edu.au</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Chromatography+A%22">Journal of Chromatography A</searchLink>. Nov2003, Vol. 1019 Issue 1/2, p221. 12p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gas+chromatography%22">Gas chromatography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chromatographic+analysis%22">Chromatographic analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbons%22">Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Extraction+%28Chemistry%29%22">Extraction (Chemistry)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ionization+%28Atomic+physics%29%22">Ionization (Atomic physics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soils%22">Soils</searchLink>
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  Data: Pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) was applied to the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from contaminated soils from Husarviken in Stockholm, Sweden. The extraction step was followed by conventional gas chromatography (GC), comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography <F>(GC×GC)</F> (both with flame ionisation detection) and gas chromatography–quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. Qualitative and quantitative aspects of the results are considered. Qualitatively, results from all chromatographic analyses are in good agreement, and PLE provides a reliable extraction technique with all PAHs extracted in one extraction step; no carry over was observed. With respect to PAH quantification, some variability in results was noted, with better agreement in PAH concentrations for GC and <F>GC×GC</F> measurement, as compared to GC–MS. GC analysis compares favourably with <F>GC×GC</F> apart from the few exceptions where peaks are not fully resolved from other co-extracted analytes, which compromises GC-FID measurement. For example, acenaphthene shows a much higher concentration when measured by GC-FID, demonstrating the superior separating powers of <F>GC×GC</F>; the latter is the preferred technique if precise and accurate quantification of analytes are required. GC–MS results compare reasonably with <F>GC×GC</F> for low-molecular mass PAHs but not for high-molecular mass PAHs; results for GC–MS are consistently higher than those for <F>GC×GC</F> for high-molecular mass PAHs. Since PLE–<F>GC×GC</F> is proposed as a broad screening tool, the demand for precise quantification may be relaxed in the present situation. <F>GC×GC</F> has the added advantage of providing chemical structural information within the two-dimensional contour presentation. Reproducibilities for <F>GC×GC</F> results (peak area) and <F>2tR</F> were acceptable with relative standard deviations (R.S.D.) of 8 and 1%, respectively (at the mg/kg level), and good repeatability within samples was achieved. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Chromatography A is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.07.006
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 221
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Gas chromatography
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chromatographic analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Extraction (Chemistry)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ionization (Atomic physics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Soils
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Pressurised liquid extraction–comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography for fast-screening of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Ong, Ruby
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            NameFull: Lundstedt, Staffan
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            NameFull: Haglund, Peter
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            NameFull: Marriott, Philip
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            – D: 26
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              Text: Nov2003
              Type: published
              Y: 2003
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              Value: 1019
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              Value: 1/2
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            – TitleFull: Journal of Chromatography A
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