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Effect of turning regime and seasonal weather conditions on nitrogen and phosphorus losses during aerobic composting of cattle manure

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Title: Effect of turning regime and seasonal weather conditions on nitrogen and phosphorus losses during aerobic composting of cattle manure
Authors: Parkinson, R.1 rparkinson@plym.ac.uk, Gibbs, P.1, Burchett, S.1, Misselbrook, T.2
Source: Bioresource Technology. Jan2004, Vol. 91 Issue 2, p171. 8p.
Subjects: Manures, Composting, Phosphates, Phosphorus
Abstract: Cattle manure from stock bedded on straw was aerobically composted under ambient conditions, turning with either a tractor-mounted front-end loader or a rear discharge manure spreader. Three composting experiments, each of approximately four months duration, were conducted to investigate the effect of turning regime and seasonal weather conditions on nitrogen and phosphorus losses during aerobic composting of cattle manure. Manure stacks of 12–15 m3 initial volume were constructed in separate 5 × 5 m concrete compartments. Experiment 1 (January–April 1999) compared manure heaps turned once (T1) or three times (T3) using a front-end loader with an unturned static (S) control manure stack. Experiment 2 (June–September 1999) compared the same treatments as Experiment 1. Experiment 3 (September–December 1999) compared T1 and T3 turning regimes using a front end loader with turning by a rear-discharge spreader (TR1 and TR1T2) for more effective aeration of the manure. Turning took place at 6 weeks for the one turn treatments, and after 2, 6 and 10 weeks for the three turn treatments.Leachate losses were dominated by NH4-N during the first three weeks of composting, after which time NH4-N and NO3-N concentrations in leachates were approximately the same, in the range 0–20 mg N l−1. The concentrations of both NH4-N and NO3-N in leachate were higher after turning. Molybdate-reactive P concentrations in leachate tended not to be significantly influenced by turning regime. Gaseous losses of NH3 and N2O rose quickly during the initial phases of composting, peaking at 152 g N t−1 d−1 for the T3 treatment. Mean NH3 emission rate (25–252 g N t−1 d−1) for the first two weeks of Experiment 2 conducted during the period June–September were an order of magnitude greater (1–10 g N t−1 d−1) than Experiment 3, conducted during the colder, wetter autumn period (September–December). Nitrous oxide emission rates ranged between 1–14 g N t−1 d−1 and showed little influence of turning regime. Total N and P concentrations in turned (T) and static (S) manure were elevated at the end of all experiments, due to loss of dry matter. Mean total N losses were 30.4% (T1) and 36.8% (T3) and total P losses 28.2% (T1) and 27.4% (T3). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Bioresource Technology is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Effect of turning regime and seasonal weather conditions on nitrogen and phosphorus losses during aerobic composting of cattle manure
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Parkinson%2C+R%2E%22">Parkinson, R.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> rparkinson@plym.ac.uk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gibbs%2C+P%2E%22">Gibbs, P.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Burchett%2C+S%2E%22">Burchett, S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Misselbrook%2C+T%2E%22">Misselbrook, T.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Bioresource+Technology%22">Bioresource Technology</searchLink>. Jan2004, Vol. 91 Issue 2, p171. 8p.
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Cattle manure from stock bedded on straw was aerobically composted under ambient conditions, turning with either a tractor-mounted front-end loader or a rear discharge manure spreader. Three composting experiments, each of approximately four months duration, were conducted to investigate the effect of turning regime and seasonal weather conditions on nitrogen and phosphorus losses during aerobic composting of cattle manure. Manure stacks of 12–15 m3 initial volume were constructed in separate 5 × 5 m concrete compartments. Experiment 1 (January–April 1999) compared manure heaps turned once (T1) or three times (T3) using a front-end loader with an unturned static (S) control manure stack. Experiment 2 (June–September 1999) compared the same treatments as Experiment 1. Experiment 3 (September–December 1999) compared T1 and T3 turning regimes using a front end loader with turning by a rear-discharge spreader (TR1 and TR1T2) for more effective aeration of the manure. Turning took place at 6 weeks for the one turn treatments, and after 2, 6 and 10 weeks for the three turn treatments.Leachate losses were dominated by NH4-N during the first three weeks of composting, after which time NH4-N and NO3-N concentrations in leachates were approximately the same, in the range 0–20 mg N l−1. The concentrations of both NH4-N and NO3-N in leachate were higher after turning. Molybdate-reactive P concentrations in leachate tended not to be significantly influenced by turning regime. Gaseous losses of NH3 and N2O rose quickly during the initial phases of composting, peaking at 152 g N t−1 d−1 for the T3 treatment. Mean NH3 emission rate (25–252 g N t−1 d−1) for the first two weeks of Experiment 2 conducted during the period June–September were an order of magnitude greater (1–10 g N t−1 d−1) than Experiment 3, conducted during the colder, wetter autumn period (September–December). Nitrous oxide emission rates ranged between 1–14 g N t−1 d−1 and showed little influence of turning regime. Total N and P concentrations in turned (T) and static (S) manure were elevated at the end of all experiments, due to loss of dry matter. Mean total N losses were 30.4% (T1) and 36.8% (T3) and total P losses 28.2% (T1) and 27.4% (T3). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Bioresource Technology is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/S0960-8524(03)00174-3
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 8
        StartPage: 171
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Composting
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      – SubjectFull: Phosphates
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      – SubjectFull: Phosphorus
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    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Effect of turning regime and seasonal weather conditions on nitrogen and phosphorus losses during aerobic composting of cattle manure
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            NameFull: Gibbs, P.
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              Text: Jan2004
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