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Earthworm Uptake Routes and Rates of Ionic Zn and ZnO Nanoparticles at Realistic Concentrations, Traced Using Stable Isotope Labeling.

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Title: Earthworm Uptake Routes and Rates of Ionic Zn and ZnO Nanoparticles at Realistic Concentrations, Traced Using Stable Isotope Labeling.
Authors: Laycock, Adam1,2 a.laycock10@imperial.ac.uk, Diez-Ortiz, Maria3,4, Larner, Fiona1,5, Dybowska, Agnieszka2, Spurgeon, David3, Valsami-Jones, Eugenia2,6, Rehkämper, Mark1,2, Svendsen, Claus3
Source: Environmental Science & Technology. 1/5/2016, Vol. 50 Issue 1, p412-419. 8p.
Subjects: Earthworms, Nanoparticles, Zinc oxide, Radiolabeling, Nanostructured materials
Abstract: The environmental behavior of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), their availability to, uptake pathways by, and biokinetics in the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus were investigated using stable isotope labeling. Zinc isotopically enriched to 99.5% in 68Zn (68Zn-E) was used to prepare 68ZnO NPs and a dissolved phase of 68Zn for comparison. These materials enabled tracing of environmentally relevant (below background) NP additions to soil of only 5 mg 68Zn-E kg-1. Uptake routes were isolated by introducing earthworms with sealed and unsealed mouthparts into test soils for up to 72 h. The Zn isotope compositions of the soils, pore waters and earthworms were then determined using multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Detection and quantification of 68Zn-E in earthworm tissue was possible after only 4 h of dermal exposure, when the uptake of 68Zn-E had increased the total Zn tissue concentration by 0.03%. The results demonstrate that at these realistic exposure concentrations there is no distinguishable difference between the uptake of the two forms of Zn by the earthworm L. rubellus, with the dietary pathway accounting for ∼95% of total uptake. This stands in contrast to comparable studies where high dosing levels were used and dermal uptake is dominant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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  Data: Earthworm Uptake Routes and Rates of Ionic Zn and ZnO Nanoparticles at Realistic Concentrations, Traced Using Stable Isotope Labeling.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Laycock%2C+Adam%22">Laycock, Adam</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><i> a.laycock10@imperial.ac.uk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Diez-Ortiz%2C+Maria%22">Diez-Ortiz, Maria</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Larner%2C+Fiona%22">Larner, Fiona</searchLink><relatesTo>1,5</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dybowska%2C+Agnieszka%22">Dybowska, Agnieszka</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Spurgeon%2C+David%22">Spurgeon, David</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Valsami-Jones%2C+Eugenia%22">Valsami-Jones, Eugenia</searchLink><relatesTo>2,6</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rehkämper%2C+Mark%22">Rehkämper, Mark</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Svendsen%2C+Claus%22">Svendsen, Claus</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Environmental+Science+%26+Technology%22">Environmental Science & Technology</searchLink>. 1/5/2016, Vol. 50 Issue 1, p412-419. 8p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Earthworms%22">Earthworms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanoparticles%22">Nanoparticles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Zinc+oxide%22">Zinc oxide</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radiolabeling%22">Radiolabeling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanostructured+materials%22">Nanostructured materials</searchLink>
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  Data: The environmental behavior of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), their availability to, uptake pathways by, and biokinetics in the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus were investigated using stable isotope labeling. Zinc isotopically enriched to 99.5% in 68Zn (68Zn-E) was used to prepare 68ZnO NPs and a dissolved phase of 68Zn for comparison. These materials enabled tracing of environmentally relevant (below background) NP additions to soil of only 5 mg 68Zn-E kg-1. Uptake routes were isolated by introducing earthworms with sealed and unsealed mouthparts into test soils for up to 72 h. The Zn isotope compositions of the soils, pore waters and earthworms were then determined using multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Detection and quantification of 68Zn-E in earthworm tissue was possible after only 4 h of dermal exposure, when the uptake of 68Zn-E had increased the total Zn tissue concentration by 0.03%. The results demonstrate that at these realistic exposure concentrations there is no distinguishable difference between the uptake of the two forms of Zn by the earthworm L. rubellus, with the dietary pathway accounting for ∼95% of total uptake. This stands in contrast to comparable studies where high dosing levels were used and dermal uptake is dominant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03413
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Zinc oxide
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      – SubjectFull: Radiolabeling
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      – TitleFull: Earthworm Uptake Routes and Rates of Ionic Zn and ZnO Nanoparticles at Realistic Concentrations, Traced Using Stable Isotope Labeling.
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              M: 01
              Text: 1/5/2016
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