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Inter-lamellar shear resistance confers compressive stiffness in the intervertebral disc: An image-based modelling study on the bovine caudal disc.

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Title: Inter-lamellar shear resistance confers compressive stiffness in the intervertebral disc: An image-based modelling study on the bovine caudal disc.
Authors: Adam, Clayton1,2 c.adam@qut.edu.au, Rouch, Philippe1, Skalli, Wafa1
Source: Journal of Biomechanics. Dec2015, Vol. 48 Issue 16, p4303-4308. 6p.
Subjects: Spine physiology, Intervertebral disk, Backache, Cohesion, Compressive strength, Stiffness (Mechanics), Cross-sectional method
Abstract: The intervertebral disc withstands large compressive loads (up to nine times bodyweight in humans) while providing flexibility to the spinal column. At a microstructural level, the outer sheath of the disc (the annulus fibrosus) comprises 12–20 annular layers of alternately crisscrossed collagen fibres embedded in a soft ground matrix. The centre of the disc (the nucleus pulposus) consists of a hydrated gel rich in proteoglycans. The disc is the largest avascular structure in the body and is of much interest biomechanically due to the high societal burden of disc degeneration and back pain. Although the disc has been well characterized at the whole joint scale, it is not clear how the disc tissue microstructure confers its overall mechanical properties. In particular, there have been conflicting reports regarding the level of attachment between adjacent lamellae in the annulus, and the importance of these interfaces to the overall integrity of the disc is unknown. We used a polarized light micrograph of the bovine tail disc in transverse cross-section to develop an image-based finite element model incorporating sliding and separation between layers of the annulus, and subjected the model to axial compressive loading. Validation experiments were also performed on four bovine caudal discs. Interlamellar shear resistance had a strong effect on disc compressive stiffness, with a 40% drop in stiffness when the interface shear resistance was changed from fully bonded to freely sliding. By contrast, interlamellar cohesion had no appreciable effect on overall disc mechanics. We conclude that shear resistance between lamellae confers disc mechanical resistance to compression, and degradation of the interlamellar interface structure may be a precursor to macroscopic disc degeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Biomechanics is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: Inter-lamellar shear resistance confers compressive stiffness in the intervertebral disc: An image-based modelling study on the bovine caudal disc.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Adam%2C+Clayton%22">Adam, Clayton</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><i> c.adam@qut.edu.au</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rouch%2C+Philippe%22">Rouch, Philippe</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Skalli%2C+Wafa%22">Skalli, Wafa</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Biomechanics%22">Journal of Biomechanics</searchLink>. Dec2015, Vol. 48 Issue 16, p4303-4308. 6p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spine+physiology%22">Spine physiology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intervertebral+disk%22">Intervertebral disk</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Backache%22">Backache</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cohesion%22">Cohesion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Compressive+strength%22">Compressive strength</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stiffness+%28Mechanics%29%22">Stiffness (Mechanics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cross-sectional+method%22">Cross-sectional method</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: The intervertebral disc withstands large compressive loads (up to nine times bodyweight in humans) while providing flexibility to the spinal column. At a microstructural level, the outer sheath of the disc (the annulus fibrosus) comprises 12–20 annular layers of alternately crisscrossed collagen fibres embedded in a soft ground matrix. The centre of the disc (the nucleus pulposus) consists of a hydrated gel rich in proteoglycans. The disc is the largest avascular structure in the body and is of much interest biomechanically due to the high societal burden of disc degeneration and back pain. Although the disc has been well characterized at the whole joint scale, it is not clear how the disc tissue microstructure confers its overall mechanical properties. In particular, there have been conflicting reports regarding the level of attachment between adjacent lamellae in the annulus, and the importance of these interfaces to the overall integrity of the disc is unknown. We used a polarized light micrograph of the bovine tail disc in transverse cross-section to develop an image-based finite element model incorporating sliding and separation between layers of the annulus, and subjected the model to axial compressive loading. Validation experiments were also performed on four bovine caudal discs. Interlamellar shear resistance had a strong effect on disc compressive stiffness, with a 40% drop in stiffness when the interface shear resistance was changed from fully bonded to freely sliding. By contrast, interlamellar cohesion had no appreciable effect on overall disc mechanics. We conclude that shear resistance between lamellae confers disc mechanical resistance to compression, and degradation of the interlamellar interface structure may be a precursor to macroscopic disc degeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Biomechanics is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.10.041
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 6
        StartPage: 4303
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      – SubjectFull: Spine physiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Intervertebral disk
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Backache
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cohesion
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      – SubjectFull: Compressive strength
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      – SubjectFull: Stiffness (Mechanics)
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      – SubjectFull: Cross-sectional method
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Inter-lamellar shear resistance confers compressive stiffness in the intervertebral disc: An image-based modelling study on the bovine caudal disc.
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            NameFull: Adam, Clayton
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            NameFull: Rouch, Philippe
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              Text: Dec2015
              Type: published
              Y: 2015
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