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Approximations to seismic AVA responses: Validity and potential in glaciological applications.

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Title: Approximations to seismic AVA responses: Validity and potential in glaciological applications.
Authors: Booth, Adam D.1,2 a.booth@imperial.ac.uk, Emir, Ezgi3 eemir@tpao.gov.tr, Diez, Anja4,5 adiez@ucsd.edu
Source: Geophysics. Jan/Feb2016, Vol. 81 Issue 1, pWA1-WA11. 11p.
Subjects: Seismic waves, Amplitude variation with offset analysis, Glaciology, Sediments, Glaciers
Abstract: Amplitude-variation-with-angle (AVA) methods establish the seismic properties of material either side of a reflective interface, and their use is growing in glaciology. The AVA response of an interface is defined by the complex Knott-Zoeppritz (K-Z) equations, numerous approximations to which we typically assume weak interface contrasts and isotropic propagation, inconsistent with the strong contrasts at glacier beds and the vertically transverse isotropic (VTI) fabrics were associated with englacial reflectivity. We considered the validity of a suite of approximate K-Z equations for the exact P-wave reflectivity RP of ice overlying bedrock, sediment and water, and englacial interfaces between isotropic and VTI ice. We found that the approximations of Aki-Richards, Shuey, and Fatti match exact glacier bed reflectivity to within RP ± 0.05, smaller than the uncertainty in typical glaciological AVA analyses, but only for maximum incident angle θi limited to 30°. A stricter limit of θi = 20° offered comparable accuracy to a hydrocarbon benchmark case of shale overlying gas-charged sand. The VTI-compliant Rüger approximation accurately described englacial reflectivity, to within RP ± 0.01, and it can be modified to give a quadratic expression in sin²(θi) suitable for curve-matching operations. Having shown the circumstances under which AVA approximations were valid for glaciological applications, we have suggested that their interpretative advantages can be exploited in the future AVA interpretations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Geophysics is the property of Society of Exploration Geophysicists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Approximations to seismic AVA responses: Validity and potential in glaciological applications.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Booth%2C+Adam+D%2E%22">Booth, Adam D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><i> a.booth@imperial.ac.uk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Emir%2C+Ezgi%22">Emir, Ezgi</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><i> eemir@tpao.gov.tr</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Diez%2C+Anja%22">Diez, Anja</searchLink><relatesTo>4,5</relatesTo><i> adiez@ucsd.edu</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Geophysics%22">Geophysics</searchLink>. Jan/Feb2016, Vol. 81 Issue 1, pWA1-WA11. 11p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Seismic+waves%22">Seismic waves</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Amplitude+variation+with+offset+analysis%22">Amplitude variation with offset analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Glaciology%22">Glaciology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sediments%22">Sediments</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Glaciers%22">Glaciers</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Amplitude-variation-with-angle (AVA) methods establish the seismic properties of material either side of a reflective interface, and their use is growing in glaciology. The AVA response of an interface is defined by the complex Knott-Zoeppritz (K-Z) equations, numerous approximations to which we typically assume weak interface contrasts and isotropic propagation, inconsistent with the strong contrasts at glacier beds and the vertically transverse isotropic (VTI) fabrics were associated with englacial reflectivity. We considered the validity of a suite of approximate K-Z equations for the exact P-wave reflectivity RP of ice overlying bedrock, sediment and water, and englacial interfaces between isotropic and VTI ice. We found that the approximations of Aki-Richards, Shuey, and Fatti match exact glacier bed reflectivity to within RP ± 0.05, smaller than the uncertainty in typical glaciological AVA analyses, but only for maximum incident angle θi limited to 30°. A stricter limit of θi = 20° offered comparable accuracy to a hydrocarbon benchmark case of shale overlying gas-charged sand. The VTI-compliant Rüger approximation accurately described englacial reflectivity, to within RP ± 0.01, and it can be modified to give a quadratic expression in sin²(θi) suitable for curve-matching operations. Having shown the circumstances under which AVA approximations were valid for glaciological applications, we have suggested that their interpretative advantages can be exploited in the future AVA interpretations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Geophysics is the property of Society of Exploration Geophysicists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1190/geo2015-0187.1
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 11
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      – SubjectFull: Seismic waves
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Amplitude variation with offset analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Glaciology
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      – SubjectFull: Sediments
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      – SubjectFull: Glaciers
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      – TitleFull: Approximations to seismic AVA responses: Validity and potential in glaciological applications.
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              Text: Jan/Feb2016
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