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Ultrafast Solvent-Assisted Sodium Ion Intercalation into Highly Crystalline Few-Layered Graphene.

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Title: Ultrafast Solvent-Assisted Sodium Ion Intercalation into Highly Crystalline Few-Layered Graphene.
Authors: Cohn, Adam P.1, Share, Keith2, Carter, Rachel1, Oakes, Landon2, Pint, Cary L.1,2 cary.l.pint@vanderbilt.edu
Source: Nano Letters. Jan2016, Vol. 16 Issue 1, p543-548. 6p.
Subjects: Solvents, Intercalation reactions, Graphene, Sodium ions, Raman spectroscopy
Abstract: A maximum sodium capacity of ~35 mAh/g has hampered the use of crystalline carbon nanostructures for sodium ion battery anodes. We demonstrate that a diglyme solvent shell encapsulating a sodium ion acts as a "nonstick" coating to facilitate rapid ion insertion into crystalline few-layer graphene and bypass slow desolvation kinetics. This yields storage capacities above 150 mAh/g, cycling performance with negligible capacity fade over 8000 cycles, and ~100 mAh/g capacities maintained at currents of 30 A/g (~12 s charge). Raman spectroscopy elucidates the ordered, but nondestructive cointercalation mechanism that differs from desolvated ion intercalation processes. In situ Raman measurements identify the Na+ staging sequence and isolates Fermi energies for the first and second stage ternary intercalation compounds at ~0.8 eV and ~1.2 eV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nano Letters is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: A maximum sodium capacity of ~35 mAh/g has hampered the use of crystalline carbon nanostructures for sodium ion battery anodes. We demonstrate that a diglyme solvent shell encapsulating a sodium ion acts as a "nonstick" coating to facilitate rapid ion insertion into crystalline few-layer graphene and bypass slow desolvation kinetics. This yields storage capacities above 150 mAh/g, cycling performance with negligible capacity fade over 8000 cycles, and ~100 mAh/g capacities maintained at currents of 30 A/g (~12 s charge). Raman spectroscopy elucidates the ordered, but nondestructive cointercalation mechanism that differs from desolvated ion intercalation processes. In situ Raman measurements identify the Na+ staging sequence and isolates Fermi energies for the first and second stage ternary intercalation compounds at ~0.8 eV and ~1.2 eV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Nano Letters is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04187
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              Text: Jan2016
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