Developments in Time-Division Multiplexing of X-ray Transition-Edge Sensors.

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Bibliographic Details
Title:	Developments in Time-Division Multiplexing of X-ray Transition-Edge Sensors.
Authors:	Doriese, W.¹ doriese@nist.gov, Morgan, K.¹, Bennett, D.¹, Denison, E.¹, Fitzgerald, C.¹, Fowler, J.¹, Gard, J.¹, Hays-Wehle, J.¹, Hilton, G.¹, Irwin, K.², Joe, Y.¹, Mates, J.¹, O'Neil, G.¹, Reintsema, C.¹, Robbins, N.¹, Schmidt, D.¹, Swetz, D.¹, Tatsuno, H.¹, Vale, L.¹, Ullom, J.¹
Source:	Journal of Low Temperature Physics. Jul2016, Vol. 184 Issue 1/2, p389-395. 7p.
Subjects:	Time division multiple access, Scheme programming language, Superconducting quantum interference devices, Gamma rays, Bolometers
Abstract:	Time-division multiplexing (TDM) is a mature scheme for the readout of arrays of transition-edge sensors (TESs). TDM is based on superconducting-quantum-interference-device (SQUID) current amplifiers. Multiple spectrometers based on gamma-ray and X-ray microcalorimeters have been operated with TDM readout, each at the scale of 200 sensors per spectrometer, as have several astronomical cameras with thousands of sub-mm or microwave bolometers. Here we present the details of two different versions of our TDM system designed to read out X-ray TESs. The first has been field-deployed in two 160-sensor (8 columns $$\times $$ 20 rows) spectrometers and four 240-sensor (8 columns $$\times $$ 30 rows) spectrometers. It has a three-SQUID-stage architecture, switches rows every 320 ns, and has total readout noise of 0.41 $$\mu \Phi _{\mathrm {0}} / \surd $$ Hz. The second, which is presently under development, has a two-SQUID-stage architecture, switches rows every 160 ns, and has total readout noise of 0.19 $$\mu \Phi _{\mathrm {0}} / \surd $$ Hz. Both quoted noise values are non-multiplexed and referred to the first-stage SQUID. In a demonstration of this new architecture, a multiplexed 1-column $$\times $$ 32-row array of NIST TESs achieved average energy resolution of $$2.55\pm 0.01$$ eV at 6 keV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database:	Engineering Source

Description
Abstract:	Time-division multiplexing (TDM) is a mature scheme for the readout of arrays of transition-edge sensors (TESs). TDM is based on superconducting-quantum-interference-device (SQUID) current amplifiers. Multiple spectrometers based on gamma-ray and X-ray microcalorimeters have been operated with TDM readout, each at the scale of 200 sensors per spectrometer, as have several astronomical cameras with thousands of sub-mm or microwave bolometers. Here we present the details of two different versions of our TDM system designed to read out X-ray TESs. The first has been field-deployed in two 160-sensor (8 columns $$\times $$ 20 rows) spectrometers and four 240-sensor (8 columns $$\times $$ 30 rows) spectrometers. It has a three-SQUID-stage architecture, switches rows every 320 ns, and has total readout noise of 0.41 $$\mu \Phi _{\mathrm {0}} / \surd $$ Hz. The second, which is presently under development, has a two-SQUID-stage architecture, switches rows every 160 ns, and has total readout noise of 0.19 $$\mu \Phi _{\mathrm {0}} / \surd $$ Hz. Both quoted noise values are non-multiplexed and referred to the first-stage SQUID. In a demonstration of this new architecture, a multiplexed 1-column $$\times $$ 32-row array of NIST TESs achieved average energy resolution of $$2.55\pm 0.01$$ eV at 6 keV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:	00222291
DOI:	10.1007/s10909-015-1373-z