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Developments in Time-Division Multiplexing of X-ray Transition-Edge Sensors.

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Title: Developments in Time-Division Multiplexing of X-ray Transition-Edge Sensors.
Authors: Doriese, W.1 doriese@nist.gov, Morgan, K.1, Bennett, D.1, Denison, E.1, Fitzgerald, C.1, Fowler, J.1, Gard, J.1, Hays-Wehle, J.1, Hilton, G.1, Irwin, K.2, Joe, Y.1, Mates, J.1, O'Neil, G.1, Reintsema, C.1, Robbins, N.1, Schmidt, D.1, Swetz, D.1, Tatsuno, H.1, Vale, L.1, Ullom, J.1
Source: Journal of Low Temperature Physics. Jul2016, Vol. 184 Issue 1/2, p389-395. 7p.
Subjects: Time division multiple access, Scheme programming language, Superconducting quantum interference devices, Gamma rays, Bolometers
Abstract: Time-division multiplexing (TDM) is a mature scheme for the readout of arrays of transition-edge sensors (TESs). TDM is based on superconducting-quantum-interference-device (SQUID) current amplifiers. Multiple spectrometers based on gamma-ray and X-ray microcalorimeters have been operated with TDM readout, each at the scale of 200 sensors per spectrometer, as have several astronomical cameras with thousands of sub-mm or microwave bolometers. Here we present the details of two different versions of our TDM system designed to read out X-ray TESs. The first has been field-deployed in two 160-sensor (8 columns $$\times $$ 20 rows) spectrometers and four 240-sensor (8 columns $$\times $$ 30 rows) spectrometers. It has a three-SQUID-stage architecture, switches rows every 320 ns, and has total readout noise of 0.41 $$\mu \Phi _{\mathrm {0}} / \surd $$ Hz. The second, which is presently under development, has a two-SQUID-stage architecture, switches rows every 160 ns, and has total readout noise of 0.19 $$\mu \Phi _{\mathrm {0}} / \surd $$ Hz. Both quoted noise values are non-multiplexed and referred to the first-stage SQUID. In a demonstration of this new architecture, a multiplexed 1-column $$\times $$ 32-row array of NIST TESs achieved average energy resolution of $$2.55\pm 0.01$$ eV at 6 keV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Low Temperature Physics is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Developments in Time-Division Multiplexing of X-ray Transition-Edge Sensors.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Doriese%2C+W%2E%22">Doriese, W.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> doriese@nist.gov</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Morgan%2C+K%2E%22">Morgan, K.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bennett%2C+D%2E%22">Bennett, D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Denison%2C+E%2E%22">Denison, E.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fitzgerald%2C+C%2E%22">Fitzgerald, C.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fowler%2C+J%2E%22">Fowler, J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gard%2C+J%2E%22">Gard, J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hays-Wehle%2C+J%2E%22">Hays-Wehle, J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hilton%2C+G%2E%22">Hilton, G.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Irwin%2C+K%2E%22">Irwin, K.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Joe%2C+Y%2E%22">Joe, Y.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mates%2C+J%2E%22">Mates, J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22O'Neil%2C+G%2E%22">O'Neil, G.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Reintsema%2C+C%2E%22">Reintsema, C.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Robbins%2C+N%2E%22">Robbins, N.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schmidt%2C+D%2E%22">Schmidt, D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Swetz%2C+D%2E%22">Swetz, D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tatsuno%2C+H%2E%22">Tatsuno, H.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vale%2C+L%2E%22">Vale, L.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ullom%2C+J%2E%22">Ullom, J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Low+Temperature+Physics%22">Journal of Low Temperature Physics</searchLink>. Jul2016, Vol. 184 Issue 1/2, p389-395. 7p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Time+division+multiple+access%22">Time division multiple access</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Scheme+programming+language%22">Scheme programming language</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Superconducting+quantum+interference+devices%22">Superconducting quantum interference devices</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gamma+rays%22">Gamma rays</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bolometers%22">Bolometers</searchLink>
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  Data: Time-division multiplexing (TDM) is a mature scheme for the readout of arrays of transition-edge sensors (TESs). TDM is based on superconducting-quantum-interference-device (SQUID) current amplifiers. Multiple spectrometers based on gamma-ray and X-ray microcalorimeters have been operated with TDM readout, each at the scale of 200 sensors per spectrometer, as have several astronomical cameras with thousands of sub-mm or microwave bolometers. Here we present the details of two different versions of our TDM system designed to read out X-ray TESs. The first has been field-deployed in two 160-sensor (8 columns $$\times $$ 20 rows) spectrometers and four 240-sensor (8 columns $$\times $$ 30 rows) spectrometers. It has a three-SQUID-stage architecture, switches rows every 320 ns, and has total readout noise of 0.41 $$\mu \Phi _{\mathrm {0}} / \surd $$ Hz. The second, which is presently under development, has a two-SQUID-stage architecture, switches rows every 160 ns, and has total readout noise of 0.19 $$\mu \Phi _{\mathrm {0}} / \surd $$ Hz. Both quoted noise values are non-multiplexed and referred to the first-stage SQUID. In a demonstration of this new architecture, a multiplexed 1-column $$\times $$ 32-row array of NIST TESs achieved average energy resolution of $$2.55\pm 0.01$$ eV at 6 keV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Low Temperature Physics is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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