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Seismic reflection imaging of karst in the Persian Gulf: Implications for the characterization of carbonate reservoirs.

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Title: Seismic reflection imaging of karst in the Persian Gulf: Implications for the characterization of carbonate reservoirs.
Authors: Burberry, Caroline M.1 cburberry2@unl.edu, Jackson, Christopher A.-L.2 c.jackson@imperial.ac.uk, Chandler, Shelby R.1 shelby.cha@gmail.com
Source: AAPG Bulletin. Oct2016, Vol. 100 Issue 10, p1561-1584. 24p.
Subjects: Seismic reflection method, Carbonate reservoirs, Karst, Sedimentary rocks, Dissolution (Chemistry)
Abstract: Karstification positively and negatively affects the quality of carbonate reservoirs; for example, dissolution and brecciation can increase porosity and permeability, whereas cavern collapse or cementation driven by postkarstification fluid flow may occlude porosity and reduce permeability. Karst may also pose challenges to drilling because of the unpredictable and highly variable porosity and permeability structure of the rock and the corresponding difficulty in predicting drilling mud weight. When combined, outcrop, petrographic, and geochemical data can constrain the style, distribution, and origin of seismic-scale karst, which may provide an improved understanding of carbonate reservoir architecture and allow development of safer drilling programs. However, relatively few studies have used seismic reflection data to characterize the regional development of seismic-scale karst features. In this study we use time-migrated two-dimensional seismic reflection data to determine the distribution, scale, and genesis of karst in a 3-km-thick (9800-ff-thick), Jurassic-Miocene carbonate-dominated succession in the Persian Gulf. We map 43 seismic-scale karst features, which are expressed as vertical pipe columns of chaotic reflections capped by downward-deflected depressions that are onlapped by overlying strata. The columns are up to 2 km (6500 ft) tall, spanning the Upper Jurassic to Upper Cretaceous succession, and are up to 5.5 km (18,000 ft) in diameter. We interpret these pipes to have formed in response to hypogene karstification by fluids focused along preexisting faults, with hypogene-generated depressions enhanced by epigene processes during key intervals of exposure. Our study indicates that seismic reflection data can and should be used in conjunction with petrographic and geochemical techniques to determine the presence of hypogene karst plays and to help improve the characterization of carbonate reservoirs and associated drilling hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of AAPG Bulletin is the property of American Association of Petroleum Geologists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Seismic reflection imaging of karst in the Persian Gulf: Implications for the characterization of carbonate reservoirs.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Burberry%2C+Caroline+M%2E%22">Burberry, Caroline M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> cburberry2@unl.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jackson%2C+Christopher+A%2E-L%2E%22">Jackson, Christopher A.-L.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><i> c.jackson@imperial.ac.uk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chandler%2C+Shelby+R%2E%22">Chandler, Shelby R.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> shelby.cha@gmail.com</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22AAPG+Bulletin%22">AAPG Bulletin</searchLink>. Oct2016, Vol. 100 Issue 10, p1561-1584. 24p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Seismic+reflection+method%22">Seismic reflection method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbonate+reservoirs%22">Carbonate reservoirs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Karst%22">Karst</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sedimentary+rocks%22">Sedimentary rocks</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dissolution+%28Chemistry%29%22">Dissolution (Chemistry)</searchLink>
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  Data: Karstification positively and negatively affects the quality of carbonate reservoirs; for example, dissolution and brecciation can increase porosity and permeability, whereas cavern collapse or cementation driven by postkarstification fluid flow may occlude porosity and reduce permeability. Karst may also pose challenges to drilling because of the unpredictable and highly variable porosity and permeability structure of the rock and the corresponding difficulty in predicting drilling mud weight. When combined, outcrop, petrographic, and geochemical data can constrain the style, distribution, and origin of seismic-scale karst, which may provide an improved understanding of carbonate reservoir architecture and allow development of safer drilling programs. However, relatively few studies have used seismic reflection data to characterize the regional development of seismic-scale karst features. In this study we use time-migrated two-dimensional seismic reflection data to determine the distribution, scale, and genesis of karst in a 3-km-thick (9800-ff-thick), Jurassic-Miocene carbonate-dominated succession in the Persian Gulf. We map 43 seismic-scale karst features, which are expressed as vertical pipe columns of chaotic reflections capped by downward-deflected depressions that are onlapped by overlying strata. The columns are up to 2 km (6500 ft) tall, spanning the Upper Jurassic to Upper Cretaceous succession, and are up to 5.5 km (18,000 ft) in diameter. We interpret these pipes to have formed in response to hypogene karstification by fluids focused along preexisting faults, with hypogene-generated depressions enhanced by epigene processes during key intervals of exposure. Our study indicates that seismic reflection data can and should be used in conjunction with petrographic and geochemical techniques to determine the presence of hypogene karst plays and to help improve the characterization of carbonate reservoirs and associated drilling hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of AAPG Bulletin is the property of American Association of Petroleum Geologists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1306/04151615115
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        Text: English
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Carbonate reservoirs
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      – SubjectFull: Karst
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      – SubjectFull: Sedimentary rocks
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      – SubjectFull: Dissolution (Chemistry)
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      – TitleFull: Seismic reflection imaging of karst in the Persian Gulf: Implications for the characterization of carbonate reservoirs.
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              Text: Oct2016
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