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Photometry of the Oort Cloud comet C/2009 P1 (Garradd): Pre-perihelion observations at 5.7 and 2.5 AU.

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Title: Photometry of the Oort Cloud comet C/2009 P1 (Garradd): Pre-perihelion observations at 5.7 and 2.5 AU.
Authors: Mazzotta Epifani, E.1 elena.epifani@oa-roma.inaf.it, Snodgrass, C.2, Perna, D.3, Dall’Ora, M.4, Palumbo, P.5,6, Della Corte, V.6, Alvarez-Candal, A.7, Melita, M.8, Rotundi, A.5,6
Source: Planetary & Space Science. Nov2016, Vol. 132, p23-31. 9p.
Subjects: Comets, Photometry, Albedo, Coma (Optics), Oort Cloud, Mathematical models
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to contribute to the characterization of the general properties of the Long Period Comets (LPCs) family, and in particular to report on the dust environment of comet C/2009 P1 (Garradd). The comet was observed at two epochs pre-perihelion, at ~6 AU and at ~2.5 AU: broad-band images have been used to investigate its coma morphology and properties and to model the dust production rate. Comet C/2009 P1 (Garradd) is one of the most active and “dust producing” LPCs ever observed, even at the large heliocentric distance r h ~6 AU. Its coma presents a complex morphology, with subtle structures underlying the classical fan-shaped tail, and, at r h ~2.5 AU, also jet-like structures and spiralling outflows. In the reference aperture of radius ρ =5°×10 4 km, the R-A f ρ is 3693±156 cm and 6368±412 cm, in August 2010 ( r h ~6 AU) and July 2011 ( r h ~2.5 AU), respectively. The application of a first order photometric model, under realistic assumptions on grain geometric albedo, power-law dust size distribution, phase darkening function and grain dust outflow velocity, yielded a measure of the dust production rate for the two epochs of observation of Q d =7.27×10 2 kg/s and Q d =1.37×10 3 kg/s, respectively, for a reference outflow dust velocity of v small =25 m/s for small (0.1–10 µm) grains and v large =1 m/s for large (10 µm–1 cm) grains. These results suggest that comet Garradd is one of the most active minor bodies observed in recent years, highly contributing to the continuous replenishment of the Interplanetary Dust Complex also in the outer Solar System, and pose important constraints on the mechanism(s) driving the cometary activity at large heliocentric distances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Photometry of the Oort Cloud comet C/2009 P1 (Garradd): Pre-perihelion observations at 5.7 and 2.5 AU.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mazzotta+Epifani%2C+E%2E%22">Mazzotta Epifani, E.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> elena.epifani@oa-roma.inaf.it</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Snodgrass%2C+C%2E%22">Snodgrass, C.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Perna%2C+D%2E%22">Perna, D.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dall’Ora%2C+M%2E%22">Dall’Ora, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Palumbo%2C+P%2E%22">Palumbo, P.</searchLink><relatesTo>5,6</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Della+Corte%2C+V%2E%22">Della Corte, V.</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Alvarez-Candal%2C+A%2E%22">Alvarez-Candal, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Melita%2C+M%2E%22">Melita, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rotundi%2C+A%2E%22">Rotundi, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>5,6</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Planetary+%26+Space+Science%22">Planetary & Space Science</searchLink>. Nov2016, Vol. 132, p23-31. 9p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comets%22">Comets</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Photometry%22">Photometry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Albedo%22">Albedo</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Coma+%28Optics%29%22">Coma (Optics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Oort+Cloud%22">Oort Cloud</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mathematical+models%22">Mathematical models</searchLink>
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  Data: The aim of this paper is to contribute to the characterization of the general properties of the Long Period Comets (LPCs) family, and in particular to report on the dust environment of comet C/2009 P1 (Garradd). The comet was observed at two epochs pre-perihelion, at ~6 AU and at ~2.5 AU: broad-band images have been used to investigate its coma morphology and properties and to model the dust production rate. Comet C/2009 P1 (Garradd) is one of the most active and “dust producing” LPCs ever observed, even at the large heliocentric distance r h ~6 AU. Its coma presents a complex morphology, with subtle structures underlying the classical fan-shaped tail, and, at r h ~2.5 AU, also jet-like structures and spiralling outflows. In the reference aperture of radius ρ =5°×10 4 km, the R-A f ρ is 3693±156 cm and 6368±412 cm, in August 2010 ( r h ~6 AU) and July 2011 ( r h ~2.5 AU), respectively. The application of a first order photometric model, under realistic assumptions on grain geometric albedo, power-law dust size distribution, phase darkening function and grain dust outflow velocity, yielded a measure of the dust production rate for the two epochs of observation of Q d =7.27×10 2 kg/s and Q d =1.37×10 3 kg/s, respectively, for a reference outflow dust velocity of v small =25 m/s for small (0.1–10 µm) grains and v large =1 m/s for large (10 µm–1 cm) grains. These results suggest that comet Garradd is one of the most active minor bodies observed in recent years, highly contributing to the continuous replenishment of the Interplanetary Dust Complex also in the outer Solar System, and pose important constraints on the mechanism(s) driving the cometary activity at large heliocentric distances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.pss.2016.07.007
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 9
        StartPage: 23
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Comets
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Photometry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Albedo
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Coma (Optics)
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      – SubjectFull: Oort Cloud
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      – SubjectFull: Mathematical models
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      – TitleFull: Photometry of the Oort Cloud comet C/2009 P1 (Garradd): Pre-perihelion observations at 5.7 and 2.5 AU.
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              Text: Nov2016
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