Isocyanic acid and ammonia in vehicle emissions.
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| Title: | Isocyanic acid and ammonia in vehicle emissions. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Suarez-Bertoa, R.1 ricardo.suarez-bertoa@jrc.ec.europa.eu, Astorga, C.1 covadonga.astorga-llorens@jrc.ec.europa.eu |
| Source: | Transportation Research Part D: Transport & Environment. Dec2016, Vol. 49, p259-270. 12p. |
| Subjects: | Emission control, Isocyanic acid, Ammonia, Vehicles & the environment, Flame ionization detectors |
| Abstract: | Vehicles are considered to be an important source of ammonia (NH 3 ) and isocyanic acid (HNCO). HNCO and NH 3 have been shown to be toxic compounds. Moreover, NH 3 is also a precursor in the formation of atmospheric secondary aerosols. For that reason, real-time vehicular emissions from a series of Euro 5 and Euro 6 light-duty vehicles, including spark ignition (gasoline and flex-fuel), compression ignition (diesel) and a plug-in electric hybrid, were investigated at 23 and −7 °C over the new World harmonized Light-duty vehicle Test Cycle (WLTC) in the Vehicle Emission Laboratory at the European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, Italy. The median HNCO emissions obtained for the studied fleet over the WLTC were 1.4 mg km −1 at 23 °C and 6 mg km −1 at −7 °C. The fleet median NH 3 emission factors were 10 mg km −1 and 21 mg km −1 at 23 and −7 °C, respectively. The obtained results show that even though three-way catalyst (TWC), selective catalytic reduction (SCR), and NOx storage catalyst (NSC) are effective systems to reduce NOx vehicular emissions, they also lead to considerable emissions of the byproducts NH 3 and/or HNCO. It is also shown that diesel light-duty vehicles equipped with SCR can present NH 3 emission factors as high as gasoline light-duty vehicles at both, 23 and −7 °C over the WLTC. Therefore, with the introduction in the market of this DeNOx technology, vehicular NH 3 emissions will increase further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Transportation Research Part D: Transport & Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 119561006 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Isocyanic acid and ammonia in vehicle emissions. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Suarez-Bertoa%2C+R%2E%22">Suarez-Bertoa, R.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> ricardo.suarez-bertoa@jrc.ec.europa.eu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Astorga%2C+C%2E%22">Astorga, C.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> covadonga.astorga-llorens@jrc.ec.europa.eu</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Transportation+Research+Part+D%3A+Transport+%26+Environment%22">Transportation Research Part D: Transport & Environment</searchLink>. Dec2016, Vol. 49, p259-270. 12p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Emission+control%22">Emission control</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Isocyanic+acid%22">Isocyanic acid</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ammonia%22">Ammonia</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vehicles+%26+the+environment%22">Vehicles & the environment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Flame+ionization+detectors%22">Flame ionization detectors</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Vehicles are considered to be an important source of ammonia (NH 3 ) and isocyanic acid (HNCO). HNCO and NH 3 have been shown to be toxic compounds. Moreover, NH 3 is also a precursor in the formation of atmospheric secondary aerosols. For that reason, real-time vehicular emissions from a series of Euro 5 and Euro 6 light-duty vehicles, including spark ignition (gasoline and flex-fuel), compression ignition (diesel) and a plug-in electric hybrid, were investigated at 23 and −7 °C over the new World harmonized Light-duty vehicle Test Cycle (WLTC) in the Vehicle Emission Laboratory at the European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, Italy. The median HNCO emissions obtained for the studied fleet over the WLTC were 1.4 mg km −1 at 23 °C and 6 mg km −1 at −7 °C. The fleet median NH 3 emission factors were 10 mg km −1 and 21 mg km −1 at 23 and −7 °C, respectively. The obtained results show that even though three-way catalyst (TWC), selective catalytic reduction (SCR), and NOx storage catalyst (NSC) are effective systems to reduce NOx vehicular emissions, they also lead to considerable emissions of the byproducts NH 3 and/or HNCO. It is also shown that diesel light-duty vehicles equipped with SCR can present NH 3 emission factors as high as gasoline light-duty vehicles at both, 23 and −7 °C over the WLTC. Therefore, with the introduction in the market of this DeNOx technology, vehicular NH 3 emissions will increase further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Transportation Research Part D: Transport & Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1016/j.trd.2016.08.039 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 12 StartPage: 259 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Emission control Type: general – SubjectFull: Isocyanic acid Type: general – SubjectFull: Ammonia Type: general – SubjectFull: Vehicles & the environment Type: general – SubjectFull: Flame ionization detectors Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Isocyanic acid and ammonia in vehicle emissions. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Suarez-Bertoa, R. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Astorga, C. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 12 Text: Dec2016 Type: published Y: 2016 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 13619209 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 49 Titles: – TitleFull: Transportation Research Part D: Transport & Environment Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
