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Ku-, X- and C-band measured and modeled microwave backscatter from a highly saline snow cover on first-year sea ice.

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Title: Ku-, X- and C-band measured and modeled microwave backscatter from a highly saline snow cover on first-year sea ice.
Authors: Nandan, Vishnu1 vishnunandan.nandaku@ucalgary.ca, Geldsetzer, Torsten1, Islam, Tanvir2, Yackel, John. J.1, Gill, Jagvijay P.S.1, Fuller, Mark. C.1, Gunn, Grant3, Duguay, Claude3
Source: Remote Sensing of Environment. Dec2016, Vol. 187, p62-75. 14p.
Subjects: Snow cover, Backscattering, Microwaves, Sea ice, Snow measurement, Energy bands
Abstract: In this study, we inter-compare observed and modeled Ku-, X- and C-band microwave backscatter for two snow temperature conditions for a highly saline snow cover on smooth first-year sea ice. A new surface-based multi-frequency (Ku-, X- and C-bands) microwave scatterometer system is used quasi-coincident with in situ geophysical snow measurements. A multilayer snow and ice backscatter model is used to calculate the total co-polarized backscatter coefficient for two snow temperature conditions. The model provides the surface and volume scattering contributions for each snow layer, as well as the frequency-dependent penetration depth. These results aid interpretation of observed backscatter. Joint use of Ku-, X- and C-band microwaves provide an enhanced understanding of diverse variations in geophysical, thermodynamic and electrical state of snow/sea ice system. Our results indicate that the effect of dielectric loss associated with highly saline snow covers is the dominant factor affecting microwave penetration and backscatter from all three frequencies. The observed and modeled C-band backscatter shows good agreement, followed by X- and Ku-bands, at both snow temperature conditions. Microwave backscatter shows greater sensitivity to variations in plot-scale surface roughness, for all three frequencies. Additionally, Ku-band wavelength exhibits greater sensitivity to snow grain radius, over X-, and C-bands. Our results demonstrate the future potential of a multi-frequency approach towards the development of snow thickness and snow water equivalent algorithms on first-year sea ice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 119927712
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Data: Ku-, X- and C-band measured and modeled microwave backscatter from a highly saline snow cover on first-year sea ice.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nandan%2C+Vishnu%22">Nandan, Vishnu</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> vishnunandan.nandaku@ucalgary.ca</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Geldsetzer%2C+Torsten%22">Geldsetzer, Torsten</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Islam%2C+Tanvir%22">Islam, Tanvir</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yackel%2C+John%2E+J%2E%22">Yackel, John. J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gill%2C+Jagvijay+P%2ES%2E%22">Gill, Jagvijay P.S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fuller%2C+Mark%2E+C%2E%22">Fuller, Mark. C.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gunn%2C+Grant%22">Gunn, Grant</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Duguay%2C+Claude%22">Duguay, Claude</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Remote+Sensing+of+Environment%22">Remote Sensing of Environment</searchLink>. Dec2016, Vol. 187, p62-75. 14p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Snow+cover%22">Snow cover</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Backscattering%22">Backscattering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microwaves%22">Microwaves</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sea+ice%22">Sea ice</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Snow+measurement%22">Snow measurement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+bands%22">Energy bands</searchLink>
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  Data: In this study, we inter-compare observed and modeled Ku-, X- and C-band microwave backscatter for two snow temperature conditions for a highly saline snow cover on smooth first-year sea ice. A new surface-based multi-frequency (Ku-, X- and C-bands) microwave scatterometer system is used quasi-coincident with in situ geophysical snow measurements. A multilayer snow and ice backscatter model is used to calculate the total co-polarized backscatter coefficient for two snow temperature conditions. The model provides the surface and volume scattering contributions for each snow layer, as well as the frequency-dependent penetration depth. These results aid interpretation of observed backscatter. Joint use of Ku-, X- and C-band microwaves provide an enhanced understanding of diverse variations in geophysical, thermodynamic and electrical state of snow/sea ice system. Our results indicate that the effect of dielectric loss associated with highly saline snow covers is the dominant factor affecting microwave penetration and backscatter from all three frequencies. The observed and modeled C-band backscatter shows good agreement, followed by X- and Ku-bands, at both snow temperature conditions. Microwave backscatter shows greater sensitivity to variations in plot-scale surface roughness, for all three frequencies. Additionally, Ku-band wavelength exhibits greater sensitivity to snow grain radius, over X-, and C-bands. Our results demonstrate the future potential of a multi-frequency approach towards the development of snow thickness and snow water equivalent algorithms on first-year sea ice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.rse.2016.10.004
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Snow cover
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Backscattering
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      – SubjectFull: Microwaves
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      – SubjectFull: Sea ice
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      – SubjectFull: Snow measurement
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      – SubjectFull: Energy bands
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      – TitleFull: Ku-, X- and C-band measured and modeled microwave backscatter from a highly saline snow cover on first-year sea ice.
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              Text: Dec2016
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