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In vivo observations and in vitro experiments on the oral phase of swallowing of Newtonian and shear-thinning liquids.

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Title: In vivo observations and in vitro experiments on the oral phase of swallowing of Newtonian and shear-thinning liquids.
Authors: Mowlavi, S.1, Engmann, J.2, Burbidge, A.2, Lloyd, R.3, Hayoun, P.4, Le Reverend, B.2, Ramaioli, M.3 m.ramaioli@surrey.ac.uk
Source: Journal of Biomechanics. Dec2016, Vol. 49 Issue 16, p3788-3795. 8p.
Subjects: Deglutition disorders, Newtonian fluids, Shear flow, In vitro studies, Videofluoroscopy, Mathematical models, Therapeutics
Abstract: In this study, an in vitro device that mimics the oral phase of swallowing is calibrated using in vivo measurements. The oral flow behavior of different Newtonian and non-Newtonian solutions is then investigated in vitro , revealing that shear-thinning thickeners used in the treatment of dysphagia behave very similar to low-viscosity Newtonian liquids during active swallowing, but provide better control of the bolus before the swallow is initiated. A theoretical model is used to interpret the experimental results and enables the identification of two dynamical regimes for the flow of the bolus: first, an inertial regime of constant acceleration dependent on the applied force and system inertia, possibly followed by a viscous regime in which the viscosity governs the constant velocity of the bolus. This mechanistic understanding provides a plausible explanation for similarities and differences in swallowing performance of shear-thinning and Newtonian liquids. Finally, the physiological implications of the model and experimental results are discussed. In vitro and theoretical results suggest that individuals with poor tongue strength are more sensitive to overly thickened boluses. The model also suggests that while the effects of system inertia are significant, the density of the bolus itself plays a negligible role in its dynamics. This is confirmed by experiments on a high density contrast agent used for videofluoroscopy, revealing that rheologically matched contrast agents and thickener solutions flow very similarly. In vitro experiments and theoretical insights can help designing novel thickener formulations before clinical evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Biomechanics is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 120242711
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: In vivo observations and in vitro experiments on the oral phase of swallowing of Newtonian and shear-thinning liquids.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mowlavi%2C+S%2E%22">Mowlavi, S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Engmann%2C+J%2E%22">Engmann, J.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Burbidge%2C+A%2E%22">Burbidge, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lloyd%2C+R%2E%22">Lloyd, R.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hayoun%2C+P%2E%22">Hayoun, P.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Le+Reverend%2C+B%2E%22">Le Reverend, B.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ramaioli%2C+M%2E%22">Ramaioli, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><i> m.ramaioli@surrey.ac.uk</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Biomechanics%22">Journal of Biomechanics</searchLink>. Dec2016, Vol. 49 Issue 16, p3788-3795. 8p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Deglutition+disorders%22">Deglutition disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Newtonian+fluids%22">Newtonian fluids</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Shear+flow%22">Shear flow</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22In+vitro+studies%22">In vitro studies</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Videofluoroscopy%22">Videofluoroscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mathematical+models%22">Mathematical models</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Therapeutics%22">Therapeutics</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: In this study, an in vitro device that mimics the oral phase of swallowing is calibrated using in vivo measurements. The oral flow behavior of different Newtonian and non-Newtonian solutions is then investigated in vitro , revealing that shear-thinning thickeners used in the treatment of dysphagia behave very similar to low-viscosity Newtonian liquids during active swallowing, but provide better control of the bolus before the swallow is initiated. A theoretical model is used to interpret the experimental results and enables the identification of two dynamical regimes for the flow of the bolus: first, an inertial regime of constant acceleration dependent on the applied force and system inertia, possibly followed by a viscous regime in which the viscosity governs the constant velocity of the bolus. This mechanistic understanding provides a plausible explanation for similarities and differences in swallowing performance of shear-thinning and Newtonian liquids. Finally, the physiological implications of the model and experimental results are discussed. In vitro and theoretical results suggest that individuals with poor tongue strength are more sensitive to overly thickened boluses. The model also suggests that while the effects of system inertia are significant, the density of the bolus itself plays a negligible role in its dynamics. This is confirmed by experiments on a high density contrast agent used for videofluoroscopy, revealing that rheologically matched contrast agents and thickener solutions flow very similarly. In vitro experiments and theoretical insights can help designing novel thickener formulations before clinical evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Biomechanics is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.10.011
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        StartPage: 3788
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Deglutition disorders
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Newtonian fluids
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Shear flow
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: In vitro studies
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Videofluoroscopy
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      – SubjectFull: Mathematical models
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      – SubjectFull: Therapeutics
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      – TitleFull: In vivo observations and in vitro experiments on the oral phase of swallowing of Newtonian and shear-thinning liquids.
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              Text: Dec2016
              Type: published
              Y: 2016
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