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Spatially Resolved Analysis of Screen Printed Photoanodes of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy.

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Title: Spatially Resolved Analysis of Screen Printed Photoanodes of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy.
Authors: Schmidt, Ina1 ina-schmidt@gmx.net, Plettenberg, Inka1 inka.plettenberg@uni-oldenburg.de, Kimmich, Daniel1 daniel.kimmich@uni-oldenburg.de, Ellis, Hanna2 ellishanna8@gmail.com, Witt, Julia1 julia.witt@uni-oldenburg.de, Dosche, Carsten1 carsten.dosche@uni-oldenburg.de, Wittstock, Gunther1 wittstock@uni-oldenburg.de
Source: Electrochimica Acta. Dec2016, Vol. 222, p735-746. 12p.
Subjects: Dye-sensitized solar cells, Scanning electrochemical microscopy, Screen process printing, Anodes, Electrolytes
Abstract: Different approaches are compared for imaging local differences in the performance of nanostructured dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). The DSCs were fabricated from TiO 2 and the triphenylamine dye (E)-3-(5-(4-(bis(2',4'-dibutoxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)amino)phenyl)thiophen-2-yl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid, called D35. The components of the redox electrolytes cobalt trisbipyridine ([Co(bpy) 3 ] 3+/2+ ) and iodide/triiodide (I ‐ /I 3 − ) were used as SECM mediators. Imaging was performed by the feedback (FB) mode and the substrate-generation/tip collection (SG/TC) mode of SECM with additional options of local and temporal illumination. In FB mode, the SECM microelectrode (ME) reduces the mediator which is re-oxidized at the illuminated photoanode. In the SG/TC mode, the reduced form of the mediator is oxidized at the photoanode and the oxidized form is detected at the ME. It is expected that the SG/TC is more sensitive than the FB mode but provides lower lateral resolution. However, imaging is complicated by the strong light scattering in the nanoporous photoanode and the long residence time of charge carriers under the conditions of SECM imaging with low mediator concentrations. This prevents approaches based on local illumination or temporal illumination. Using shear force SECM (SF-SECM) in the FB mode, local differences in the morphology and performance of screen-printed photoanodes could be resolved that resulted from screen printing process. The morphological variations are also corroborated by scanning force microscopy and optical phase contrast microscopy. Furthermore, isolated irregularities were detected in which morphology and local performance were not correlated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Electrochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Spatially Resolved Analysis of Screen Printed Photoanodes of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schmidt%2C+Ina%22">Schmidt, Ina</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> ina-schmidt@gmx.net</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Plettenberg%2C+Inka%22">Plettenberg, Inka</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> inka.plettenberg@uni-oldenburg.de</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kimmich%2C+Daniel%22">Kimmich, Daniel</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> daniel.kimmich@uni-oldenburg.de</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ellis%2C+Hanna%22">Ellis, Hanna</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><i> ellishanna8@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Witt%2C+Julia%22">Witt, Julia</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> julia.witt@uni-oldenburg.de</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dosche%2C+Carsten%22">Dosche, Carsten</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> carsten.dosche@uni-oldenburg.de</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wittstock%2C+Gunther%22">Wittstock, Gunther</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> wittstock@uni-oldenburg.de</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Electrochimica+Acta%22">Electrochimica Acta</searchLink>. Dec2016, Vol. 222, p735-746. 12p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dye-sensitized+solar+cells%22">Dye-sensitized solar cells</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Scanning+electrochemical+microscopy%22">Scanning electrochemical microscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Screen+process+printing%22">Screen process printing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anodes%22">Anodes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electrolytes%22">Electrolytes</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Different approaches are compared for imaging local differences in the performance of nanostructured dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). The DSCs were fabricated from TiO 2 and the triphenylamine dye (E)-3-(5-(4-(bis(2',4'-dibutoxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)amino)phenyl)thiophen-2-yl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid, called D35. The components of the redox electrolytes cobalt trisbipyridine ([Co(bpy) 3 ] 3+/2+ ) and iodide/triiodide (I ‐ /I 3 − ) were used as SECM mediators. Imaging was performed by the feedback (FB) mode and the substrate-generation/tip collection (SG/TC) mode of SECM with additional options of local and temporal illumination. In FB mode, the SECM microelectrode (ME) reduces the mediator which is re-oxidized at the illuminated photoanode. In the SG/TC mode, the reduced form of the mediator is oxidized at the photoanode and the oxidized form is detected at the ME. It is expected that the SG/TC is more sensitive than the FB mode but provides lower lateral resolution. However, imaging is complicated by the strong light scattering in the nanoporous photoanode and the long residence time of charge carriers under the conditions of SECM imaging with low mediator concentrations. This prevents approaches based on local illumination or temporal illumination. Using shear force SECM (SF-SECM) in the FB mode, local differences in the morphology and performance of screen-printed photoanodes could be resolved that resulted from screen printing process. The morphological variations are also corroborated by scanning force microscopy and optical phase contrast microscopy. Furthermore, isolated irregularities were detected in which morphology and local performance were not correlated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Electrochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.11.030
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 735
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Dye-sensitized solar cells
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Scanning electrochemical microscopy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Screen process printing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Anodes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electrolytes
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      – TitleFull: Spatially Resolved Analysis of Screen Printed Photoanodes of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy.
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              Text: Dec2016
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              Y: 2016
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