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Simultaneous co-doping of RuO2 and IrO2 into anodic TiO2 nanotubes: A binary catalyst for electrochemical water splitting.

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Title: Simultaneous co-doping of RuO2 and IrO2 into anodic TiO2 nanotubes: A binary catalyst for electrochemical water splitting.
Authors: Hyeonseok Yoo1, Kiseok Oh1, Yu Ri Lee1, Kyung Ho Row1, Gibaek Lee1 gibaek@inha.ac.kr, Jinsub Choi1 jinsub@inha.ac.kr
Source: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. Mar2017, Vol. 42 Issue 10, p6657-6664. 8p.
Subjects: Nanotubes, Water, Catalysis, Liquids, Nanostructured materials
Abstract: The simultaneous doping of RuO2 and IrO2 catalysts into anodic TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) was successfully achieved by single-step anodization. KRuO4 was used as the precursor for the RuO2 dopant. However, for IrO2 doping, IrOx nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized from IrCl3 as an intermediate species to avoid damage to the NTs by chloride ions during doping. −IrO4 generated from the IrOx NPs through selective dissolution in the electrolyte was simultaneously doped into the positively biased TiO2 NTs along with RuO2. The structural features, NT length, and amount of catalyst doping were controlled by the concentration of HF in the electrolyte and the anodizing time. The binary-catalyst-doped TiO2 NTs exhibited an outstanding onset potential of 0.84 V for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In addition, the amount of O2 gas evolved during the OER at 2.0 V was measured to be 230 μmol cm−2 min−1 by gas chromatography, which corresponds to a faradaic efficiency of 99%. The major oxidation states of the metals in the catalysts were found to be Ru4+ and Ir4+ by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy selected area electron diffraction analysis, indicating the presence of RuO2 and IrO2 in the TiO2 NTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Hydrogen Energy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 122237049
AccessLevel: 6
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PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Simultaneous co-doping of RuO<subscript>2</subscript> and IrO<subscript>2</subscript> into anodic TiO<subscript>2</subscript> nanotubes: A binary catalyst for electrochemical water splitting.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hyeonseok+Yoo%22">Hyeonseok Yoo</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kiseok+Oh%22">Kiseok Oh</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yu+Ri+Lee%22">Yu Ri Lee</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kyung+Ho+Row%22">Kyung Ho Row</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gibaek+Lee%22">Gibaek Lee</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> gibaek@inha.ac.kr</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jinsub+Choi%22">Jinsub Choi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> jinsub@inha.ac.kr</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Hydrogen+Energy%22">International Journal of Hydrogen Energy</searchLink>. Mar2017, Vol. 42 Issue 10, p6657-6664. 8p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanotubes%22">Nanotubes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Water%22">Water</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Catalysis%22">Catalysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Liquids%22">Liquids</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanostructured+materials%22">Nanostructured materials</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The simultaneous doping of RuO2 and IrO2 catalysts into anodic TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) was successfully achieved by single-step anodization. KRuO4 was used as the precursor for the RuO2 dopant. However, for IrO2 doping, IrOx nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized from IrCl3 as an intermediate species to avoid damage to the NTs by chloride ions during doping. −IrO4 generated from the IrOx NPs through selective dissolution in the electrolyte was simultaneously doped into the positively biased TiO2 NTs along with RuO2. The structural features, NT length, and amount of catalyst doping were controlled by the concentration of HF in the electrolyte and the anodizing time. The binary-catalyst-doped TiO2 NTs exhibited an outstanding onset potential of 0.84 V for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In addition, the amount of O2 gas evolved during the OER at 2.0 V was measured to be 230 μmol cm−2 min−1 by gas chromatography, which corresponds to a faradaic efficiency of 99%. The major oxidation states of the metals in the catalysts were found to be Ru4+ and Ir4+ by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy selected area electron diffraction analysis, indicating the presence of RuO2 and IrO2 in the TiO2 NTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Hydrogen Energy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.12.018
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 8
        StartPage: 6657
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      – SubjectFull: Nanotubes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Water
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      – SubjectFull: Catalysis
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      – SubjectFull: Liquids
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      – TitleFull: Simultaneous co-doping of RuO2 and IrO2 into anodic TiO2 nanotubes: A binary catalyst for electrochemical water splitting.
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            NameFull: Gibaek Lee
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              M: 03
              Text: Mar2017
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