First macrobiota biomineralization was environmentally triggered.
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| Title: | First macrobiota biomineralization was environmentally triggered. |
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| Authors: | Wood, Rachel1 rachel.wood@ed.ac.uk, Ivantsov, Andrey Yu2, Zhuravlev, Andrey Yu3,4 |
| Source: | Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 3/29/2017, Vol. 284 Issue 1851, p1-7. 7p. |
| Subjects: | Biomineralization, Skeleton, Biotic communities, Aragonite, Calcite |
| Abstract: | Why large and diverse skeletons first appeared ca 550Ma is not well understood. Many Ediacaran skeletal biota show evidence of flexibility, and bear notably thin skeletal walls with simple, non-hierarchical microstructures of either aragonite or high-Mg calcite. We present evidence that the earliest skeletal macrobiota, found only in carbonate rocks, had close soft-bodied counterparts hosted in contemporary clastic rocks. This includes the calcareous discoidal fossil Suvorovella, similar to holdfasts of Ediacaran biota taxa previously known only as casts and moulds, as well as tubular and vase-shaped fossils. In sum, these probably represent taxa of diverse affinity including unicellular eukaryotes, total group cnidarians and problematica. Our findings support the assertion that the calcification was an independent and derived feature that appeared in diverse groups where an organic scaffold was the primitive character, which provided the framework for interactions between the extracellular matrix and mineral ions. We conclude that such skeletons may have been acquired with relative ease in the highly saturated, high alkalinity carbonate settings of the Ediacaran, where carbonate polymorph was further controlled by seawater chemistry. The trigger for Ediacaran biomineralization may have been either changing seawater Mg/Ca and/or increasing oxygen levels. By the Early Cambrian, however, biomineralization styles and the range of biominerals had significantly diversified, perhaps as an escalating defensive response to increasing predation pressure. Indeed skeletal hard parts had appeared in clastic settings by Cambrian Stage 1, suggesting independence from ambient seawater chemistry where genetic and molecular mechanisms controlled biomineralization and mineralogy had become evolutionarily constrained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences is the property of Royal Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: First macrobiota biomineralization was environmentally triggered. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wood%2C+Rachel%22">Wood, Rachel</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> rachel.wood@ed.ac.uk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ivantsov%2C+Andrey+Yu%22">Ivantsov, Andrey Yu</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhuravlev%2C+Andrey+Yu%22">Zhuravlev, Andrey Yu</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society+B%3A+Biological+Sciences%22">Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</searchLink>. 3/29/2017, Vol. 284 Issue 1851, p1-7. 7p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biomineralization%22">Biomineralization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Skeleton%22">Skeleton</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biotic+communities%22">Biotic communities</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Aragonite%22">Aragonite</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Calcite%22">Calcite</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Why large and diverse skeletons first appeared ca 550Ma is not well understood. Many Ediacaran skeletal biota show evidence of flexibility, and bear notably thin skeletal walls with simple, non-hierarchical microstructures of either aragonite or high-Mg calcite. We present evidence that the earliest skeletal macrobiota, found only in carbonate rocks, had close soft-bodied counterparts hosted in contemporary clastic rocks. This includes the calcareous discoidal fossil Suvorovella, similar to holdfasts of Ediacaran biota taxa previously known only as casts and moulds, as well as tubular and vase-shaped fossils. In sum, these probably represent taxa of diverse affinity including unicellular eukaryotes, total group cnidarians and problematica. Our findings support the assertion that the calcification was an independent and derived feature that appeared in diverse groups where an organic scaffold was the primitive character, which provided the framework for interactions between the extracellular matrix and mineral ions. We conclude that such skeletons may have been acquired with relative ease in the highly saturated, high alkalinity carbonate settings of the Ediacaran, where carbonate polymorph was further controlled by seawater chemistry. The trigger for Ediacaran biomineralization may have been either changing seawater Mg/Ca and/or increasing oxygen levels. By the Early Cambrian, however, biomineralization styles and the range of biominerals had significantly diversified, perhaps as an escalating defensive response to increasing predation pressure. Indeed skeletal hard parts had appeared in clastic settings by Cambrian Stage 1, suggesting independence from ambient seawater chemistry where genetic and molecular mechanisms controlled biomineralization and mineralogy had become evolutionarily constrained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences is the property of Royal Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0059 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 7 StartPage: 1 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Biomineralization Type: general – SubjectFull: Skeleton Type: general – SubjectFull: Biotic communities Type: general – SubjectFull: Aragonite Type: general – SubjectFull: Calcite Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: First macrobiota biomineralization was environmentally triggered. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Wood, Rachel – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Ivantsov, Andrey Yu – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Zhuravlev, Andrey Yu IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 29 M: 03 Text: 3/29/2017 Type: published Y: 2017 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 09628452 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 284 – Type: issue Value: 1851 Titles: – TitleFull: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
