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Light-induced aggregation of microbial exopolymeric substances.

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Title: Light-induced aggregation of microbial exopolymeric substances.
Authors: Sun, Luni1 lsunx001@tamug.edu, Xu, Chen1, Zhang, Saijin1, Lin, Peng1, Schwehr, Kathleen A.1, Quigg, Antonietta2, Chiu, Meng-Hsuen3, Chin, Wei-Chun3, Santschi, Peter H.1
Source: Chemosphere. Aug2017, Vol. 181, p675-681. 7p.
Subjects: Microbial polymers, Photooxidation, Clustering of particles, Reactive oxygen species, Bacterial proteins
Abstract: Sunlight can inhibit or disrupt the aggregation process of marine colloids via cleavage of high molecular weight compounds into smaller, less stable fragments. In contrast, some biomolecules, such as proteins excreted from bacteria can form aggregates via cross-linking due to photo-oxidation. To examine whether light-induced aggregation can occur in the marine environment, we conducted irradiation experiments on a well-characterized protein-containing exopolymeric substance (EPS) from the marine bacterium Sagitulla stellata . Our results show that after 1 h sunlight irradiation, the turbidity level of soluble EPS was 60% higher than in the dark control. Flow cytometry also confirmed that more particles of larger sized were formed by sunlight. In addition, we determined a higher mass of aggregates collected on filter in the irradiated samples. This suggests light can induce aggregation of this bacterial EPS. Reactive oxygen species hydroxyl radical and peroxide played critical roles in the photo-oxidation process, and salts assisted the aggregation process. The observation that Sagitulla stellata EPS with relatively high protein content promoted aggregation, was in contrast to the case where no significant differences were found in the aggregation of a non-protein containing phytoplankton EPS between the dark and light conditions. This, together with the evidence that protein-to-carbohydrate ratio of aggregates formed under light condition is significantly higher than that formed under dark condition suggest that proteins are likely the important component for aggregate formation. Light-induced aggregation provides new insights into polymer assembly, marine snow formation, and the fate/transport of organic carbon and nitrogen in the ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Chemosphere is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Light-induced aggregation of microbial exopolymeric substances.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sun%2C+Luni%22">Sun, Luni</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> lsunx001@tamug.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Chen%22">Xu, Chen</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Saijin%22">Zhang, Saijin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lin%2C+Peng%22">Lin, Peng</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schwehr%2C+Kathleen+A%2E%22">Schwehr, Kathleen A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Quigg%2C+Antonietta%22">Quigg, Antonietta</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chiu%2C+Meng-Hsuen%22">Chiu, Meng-Hsuen</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chin%2C+Wei-Chun%22">Chin, Wei-Chun</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Santschi%2C+Peter+H%2E%22">Santschi, Peter H.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Chemosphere%22">Chemosphere</searchLink>. Aug2017, Vol. 181, p675-681. 7p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microbial+polymers%22">Microbial polymers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Photooxidation%22">Photooxidation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Clustering+of+particles%22">Clustering of particles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reactive+oxygen+species%22">Reactive oxygen species</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bacterial+proteins%22">Bacterial proteins</searchLink>
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  Data: Sunlight can inhibit or disrupt the aggregation process of marine colloids via cleavage of high molecular weight compounds into smaller, less stable fragments. In contrast, some biomolecules, such as proteins excreted from bacteria can form aggregates via cross-linking due to photo-oxidation. To examine whether light-induced aggregation can occur in the marine environment, we conducted irradiation experiments on a well-characterized protein-containing exopolymeric substance (EPS) from the marine bacterium Sagitulla stellata . Our results show that after 1 h sunlight irradiation, the turbidity level of soluble EPS was 60% higher than in the dark control. Flow cytometry also confirmed that more particles of larger sized were formed by sunlight. In addition, we determined a higher mass of aggregates collected on filter in the irradiated samples. This suggests light can induce aggregation of this bacterial EPS. Reactive oxygen species hydroxyl radical and peroxide played critical roles in the photo-oxidation process, and salts assisted the aggregation process. The observation that Sagitulla stellata EPS with relatively high protein content promoted aggregation, was in contrast to the case where no significant differences were found in the aggregation of a non-protein containing phytoplankton EPS between the dark and light conditions. This, together with the evidence that protein-to-carbohydrate ratio of aggregates formed under light condition is significantly higher than that formed under dark condition suggest that proteins are likely the important component for aggregate formation. Light-induced aggregation provides new insights into polymer assembly, marine snow formation, and the fate/transport of organic carbon and nitrogen in the ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Chemosphere is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.099
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 7
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      – SubjectFull: Microbial polymers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Photooxidation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Clustering of particles
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      – SubjectFull: Reactive oxygen species
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bacterial proteins
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      – TitleFull: Light-induced aggregation of microbial exopolymeric substances.
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            NameFull: Sun, Luni
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            NameFull: Xu, Chen
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              M: 08
              Text: Aug2017
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              Y: 2017
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