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Illuminating the earliest stages of the soot formation by photoemission and Raman spectroscopy.

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Title: Illuminating the earliest stages of the soot formation by photoemission and Raman spectroscopy.
Authors: Commodo, Mario1, D'Anna, Andrea2, De Falco, Gianluigi1,2, Larciprete, Rosanna3,4 rosanna.larciprete@isc.cnr.it, Minutolo, Patrizia1 minutolo@irc.cnr.it
Source: Combustion & Flame. Jul2017, Vol. 181, p188-197. 10p.
Subjects: Soot, Photoemission, Raman spectroscopy, Flame, Band gaps, Chemical amplification
Abstract: In spite of advances in recent years, the current understanding of the nucleation and initial growth of soot in flames is still rather limited. The chemico-physical properties of just-nucleated particles and particles at the early stage of growth are here investigated by X-ray and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy, UV–visible and Raman spectroscopy. Both classes of particles are produced and selectively analyzed by opportunely selecting both flame and sampling conditions. The complementarity of the methods and the consistency of the results allowed us to evidence the differences in the carbon structure of the two particles. Both kind of particles are predominantly composed by sp 2 carbon and contain a few percent of oxygen mainly as ether-like bonds. A few percent of sp 3 carbon has been observed in grown particles, and it coexists with a more developed graphitic structure with moderately larger aromatic islands, a lower band gap and higher density of states. The results of this work help to clarify the physicochemical transformation experienced by the just nucleated particles with sizes of 2–3 nm during the early steps of the growth process, which is fundamental for the improvement of current models of soot inception and growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 123428596
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Illuminating the earliest stages of the soot formation by photoemission and Raman spectroscopy.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Combustion+%26+Flame%22">Combustion & Flame</searchLink>. Jul2017, Vol. 181, p188-197. 10p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soot%22">Soot</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Photoemission%22">Photoemission</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Raman+spectroscopy%22">Raman spectroscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Flame%22">Flame</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Band+gaps%22">Band gaps</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+amplification%22">Chemical amplification</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: In spite of advances in recent years, the current understanding of the nucleation and initial growth of soot in flames is still rather limited. The chemico-physical properties of just-nucleated particles and particles at the early stage of growth are here investigated by X-ray and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy, UV–visible and Raman spectroscopy. Both classes of particles are produced and selectively analyzed by opportunely selecting both flame and sampling conditions. The complementarity of the methods and the consistency of the results allowed us to evidence the differences in the carbon structure of the two particles. Both kind of particles are predominantly composed by sp 2 carbon and contain a few percent of oxygen mainly as ether-like bonds. A few percent of sp 3 carbon has been observed in grown particles, and it coexists with a more developed graphitic structure with moderately larger aromatic islands, a lower band gap and higher density of states. The results of this work help to clarify the physicochemical transformation experienced by the just nucleated particles with sizes of 2–3 nm during the early steps of the growth process, which is fundamental for the improvement of current models of soot inception and growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2017.03.020
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 188
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Soot
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Photoemission
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Raman spectroscopy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Flame
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      – SubjectFull: Band gaps
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      – SubjectFull: Chemical amplification
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      – TitleFull: Illuminating the earliest stages of the soot formation by photoemission and Raman spectroscopy.
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            NameFull: Commodo, Mario
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            NameFull: D'Anna, Andrea
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            NameFull: De Falco, Gianluigi
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            NameFull: Larciprete, Rosanna
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            NameFull: Minutolo, Patrizia
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              M: 07
              Text: Jul2017
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              Y: 2017
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