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Gene expression changes in blood RNA after swimming in a chlorinated pool.

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Title: Gene expression changes in blood RNA after swimming in a chlorinated pool.
Authors: Salas, Lucas A.1,2,3,4 Lucas.A.Salas.Diaz@Dartmouth.edu, Font-Ribera, Laia1,3,4,5, Bustamante, Mariona1,3,4,6, Sumoy, Lauro3,7,8, Grimalt, Joan O.9, Bonnin, Sarah3,7, Aguilar, Maria3,7, Mattlin, Heidi3,7, Hummel, Manuela3,7, Ferrer, Anna3,7, Kogevinas, Manolis1,3,4,5, Villanueva, Cristina M.1,3,4,5
Source: Journal of Environmental Sciences (Elsevier). Aug2017, Vol. 58, p250-261. 12p.
Subjects: Disinfection by-product, Trihalomethanes, Blood sampling, Gene expression, Effect of environment on human beings, Adverse health care events, Swimming pools
Abstract: Exposure to disinfection by-products (DBP) such as trihalomethanes (THM) in swimming pools has been linked to adverse health effects in humans, but their biological mechanisms are unclear. We evaluated short-term changes in blood gene expression of adult recreational swimmers after swimming in a chlorinated pool. Volunteers swam 40 min in an indoor chlorinated pool. Blood samples were drawn and four THM (chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane and bromoform) were measured in exhaled breath before and after swimming. Intensity of physical activity was measured as metabolic equivalents (METs). Gene expression in whole blood mRNA was evaluated using IlluminaHumanHT-12v3 Expression-BeadChip. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate the relationship between gene expression changes and THM exposure. Thirty-seven before-after pairs were analyzed. The median increase from baseline to after swimming were: 0.7 to 2.3 for MET, and 1.4 to 7.1 μg/m 3 for exhaled total THM (sum of the four THM). Exhaled THM increased on average 0.94 μg/m 3 per 1 MET. While 1643 probes were differentially expressed post-exposure. Of them, 189 were also associated with exhaled levels of individual/total THM or MET after False Discovery Rate. The observed associations with the exhaled THM were low to moderate (Log-fold change range: −0.17 to 0.15). In conclusion, we identified short-term gene expression changes associated with swimming in a pool that were minor in magnitude and their biological meaning was unspecific. The high collinearity between exhaled THM levels and intensity of physical activity precluded mutually adjusted models with both covariates. These exploratory results should be validated in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Environmental Sciences (Elsevier) is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Gene expression changes in blood RNA after swimming in a chlorinated pool.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Salas%2C+Lucas+A%2E%22">Salas, Lucas A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3,4</relatesTo><i> Lucas.A.Salas.Diaz@Dartmouth.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Font-Ribera%2C+Laia%22">Font-Ribera, Laia</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3,4,5</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bustamante%2C+Mariona%22">Bustamante, Mariona</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3,4,6</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sumoy%2C+Lauro%22">Sumoy, Lauro</searchLink><relatesTo>3,7,8</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Grimalt%2C+Joan+O%2E%22">Grimalt, Joan O.</searchLink><relatesTo>9</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bonnin%2C+Sarah%22">Bonnin, Sarah</searchLink><relatesTo>3,7</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Aguilar%2C+Maria%22">Aguilar, Maria</searchLink><relatesTo>3,7</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mattlin%2C+Heidi%22">Mattlin, Heidi</searchLink><relatesTo>3,7</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hummel%2C+Manuela%22">Hummel, Manuela</searchLink><relatesTo>3,7</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ferrer%2C+Anna%22">Ferrer, Anna</searchLink><relatesTo>3,7</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kogevinas%2C+Manolis%22">Kogevinas, Manolis</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3,4,5</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Villanueva%2C+Cristina+M%2E%22">Villanueva, Cristina M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3,4,5</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Environmental+Sciences+%28Elsevier%29%22">Journal of Environmental Sciences (Elsevier)</searchLink>. Aug2017, Vol. 58, p250-261. 12p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Disinfection+by-product%22">Disinfection by-product</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Trihalomethanes%22">Trihalomethanes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Blood+sampling%22">Blood sampling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gene+expression%22">Gene expression</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Effect+of+environment+on+human+beings%22">Effect of environment on human beings</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Adverse+health+care+events%22">Adverse health care events</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Swimming+pools%22">Swimming pools</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Exposure to disinfection by-products (DBP) such as trihalomethanes (THM) in swimming pools has been linked to adverse health effects in humans, but their biological mechanisms are unclear. We evaluated short-term changes in blood gene expression of adult recreational swimmers after swimming in a chlorinated pool. Volunteers swam 40 min in an indoor chlorinated pool. Blood samples were drawn and four THM (chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane and bromoform) were measured in exhaled breath before and after swimming. Intensity of physical activity was measured as metabolic equivalents (METs). Gene expression in whole blood mRNA was evaluated using IlluminaHumanHT-12v3 Expression-BeadChip. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate the relationship between gene expression changes and THM exposure. Thirty-seven before-after pairs were analyzed. The median increase from baseline to after swimming were: 0.7 to 2.3 for MET, and 1.4 to 7.1 μg/m 3 for exhaled total THM (sum of the four THM). Exhaled THM increased on average 0.94 μg/m 3 per 1 MET. While 1643 probes were differentially expressed post-exposure. Of them, 189 were also associated with exhaled levels of individual/total THM or MET after False Discovery Rate. The observed associations with the exhaled THM were low to moderate (Log-fold change range: −0.17 to 0.15). In conclusion, we identified short-term gene expression changes associated with swimming in a pool that were minor in magnitude and their biological meaning was unspecific. The high collinearity between exhaled THM levels and intensity of physical activity precluded mutually adjusted models with both covariates. These exploratory results should be validated in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Environmental Sciences (Elsevier) is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=egs&AN=124404007
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        Value: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.05.011
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 12
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      – SubjectFull: Disinfection by-product
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Trihalomethanes
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      – SubjectFull: Blood sampling
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      – SubjectFull: Gene expression
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      – SubjectFull: Effect of environment on human beings
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      – SubjectFull: Adverse health care events
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      – SubjectFull: Swimming pools
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      – TitleFull: Gene expression changes in blood RNA after swimming in a chlorinated pool.
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              Text: Aug2017
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