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Relaxor state and electric relaxations induced by the addition of Bi and Mn ions to Pb(Zr0.70Ti0.30)O3 ceramics.

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Title: Relaxor state and electric relaxations induced by the addition of Bi and Mn ions to Pb(Zr0.70Ti0.30)O3 ceramics.
Authors: Szeremeta, A.Z.1 annaszeremeta90@gmail.com, Pawlus, S.1,2, Pilch, M.1, Balin, K.1,2, Leonarska, A.1, Molak, A.1, Paluch, M.1,2
Source: Ceramics International. Oct2017, Vol. 43 Issue 15, p11699-11709. 11p.
Subjects: Chemical relaxation, Metal ions, Ceramics, Ferroelectric ceramics, Impedance spectroscopy, Activation energy, Permittivity
Abstract: The (1 − x )Pb(Zr 0.70 Ti 0.30 )O 3 – x BiMn 2 O 5 ceramics (PZT-BM), where x = 0, 0.02, 0.055, 0.11, 0.15, 0.22 and 1, were studied. We determined how addition of nonpolar BM influenced electrical properties of the ferroelectric PZT ceramics. Impedance spectroscopy measurements in broad frequency and temperature ranges were performed and several contributions to impedance response were identified. A crossover to the relaxor state was observed in the PZT-BM ceramics by doping with Bi and Mn ions. The relaxation times for the electric conductivity relaxation and dipole relaxation were estimated from electric modulus representation of the data. Activation energy values of the conductivity process, estimated for T > 510 K, decreased from 0.82 to 0.37 eV when BM content increased. The occurrence of the high-frequency dipole relaxation was assigned to the charge transfer of Ti 3+ /Ti 4+ , Zr 3+ /Zr 4+ and Mn 3+ /Mn 4+ ions. Occurrence of the ferroelectric relaxor features were deduced from the non-Arrhenius dependence of the relaxation times. Superposition of the relaxor features and electric relaxations provides high value permittivity (ε′ > 1000) in wide temperature range (~ 250–573 K). This effect corresponds to the disorder and precipitation of ions that were shown using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the time of flight–secondary ion mass spectrometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ceramics International is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Relaxor state and electric relaxations induced by the addition of Bi and Mn ions to Pb(Zr0.70Ti0.30)O3 ceramics.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Szeremeta%2C+A%2EZ%2E%22">Szeremeta, A.Z.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> annaszeremeta90@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pawlus%2C+S%2E%22">Pawlus, S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pilch%2C+M%2E%22">Pilch, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Balin%2C+K%2E%22">Balin, K.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Leonarska%2C+A%2E%22">Leonarska, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Molak%2C+A%2E%22">Molak, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Paluch%2C+M%2E%22">Paluch, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Ceramics+International%22">Ceramics International</searchLink>. Oct2017, Vol. 43 Issue 15, p11699-11709. 11p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+relaxation%22">Chemical relaxation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metal+ions%22">Metal ions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ceramics%22">Ceramics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ferroelectric+ceramics%22">Ferroelectric ceramics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Impedance+spectroscopy%22">Impedance spectroscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Activation+energy%22">Activation energy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Permittivity%22">Permittivity</searchLink>
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  Data: The (1 − x )Pb(Zr 0.70 Ti 0.30 )O 3 – x BiMn 2 O 5 ceramics (PZT-BM), where x = 0, 0.02, 0.055, 0.11, 0.15, 0.22 and 1, were studied. We determined how addition of nonpolar BM influenced electrical properties of the ferroelectric PZT ceramics. Impedance spectroscopy measurements in broad frequency and temperature ranges were performed and several contributions to impedance response were identified. A crossover to the relaxor state was observed in the PZT-BM ceramics by doping with Bi and Mn ions. The relaxation times for the electric conductivity relaxation and dipole relaxation were estimated from electric modulus representation of the data. Activation energy values of the conductivity process, estimated for T > 510 K, decreased from 0.82 to 0.37 eV when BM content increased. The occurrence of the high-frequency dipole relaxation was assigned to the charge transfer of Ti 3+ /Ti 4+ , Zr 3+ /Zr 4+ and Mn 3+ /Mn 4+ ions. Occurrence of the ferroelectric relaxor features were deduced from the non-Arrhenius dependence of the relaxation times. Superposition of the relaxor features and electric relaxations provides high value permittivity (ε′ > 1000) in wide temperature range (~ 250–573 K). This effect corresponds to the disorder and precipitation of ions that were shown using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the time of flight–secondary ion mass spectrometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Ceramics International is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.05.360
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      – SubjectFull: Permittivity
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              Text: Oct2017
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