Formation and deposition of platinum nanoparticles under boiling water reactor conditions.
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| Title: | Formation and deposition of platinum nanoparticles under boiling water reactor conditions. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Grundler, Pascal V.1 pascal.grundler@psi.ch, Veleva, Lyubomira1, Ritter, Stefan1 |
| Source: | Journal of Nuclear Materials. Oct2017, Vol. 494, p200-210. 11p. |
| Subjects: | Platinum nanoparticles, Boiling water reactors, Water chemistry, High temperatures, Metallic surfaces |
| Abstract: | Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is a well-known degradation mechanism for components of boiling water reactors (BWRs). Therefore the mitigation of SCC is important for ensuring the integrity of the reactor system. Noble metal chemical application (NMCA) has been developed by General Electric to mitigate SCC and reduce the negative side-effects of hydrogen water chemistry used initially for SCC mitigation. NMCA is now widely applied as an online process (OLNC) during power operation. However, the understanding of the parameters that control the formation and deposition of the noble metal (Pt) particles in a BWR was still incomplete. To fill this knowledge gap, systematic studies on the formation and deposition behaviour of Pt particles in simulated and real BWR environment were performed in the framework of a research project at PSI. The present paper summarizes the most important findings. Experiments in a sophisticated high-temperature water loop revealed that the flow conditions, water chemistry, the Pt injection rate, and the pre-conditioning of the stainless steel surfaces have an impact on the Pt deposition behaviour. Slower Pt injection rates and stoichiometric excess of H 2 over O 2 produce smaller particles, which may increase the efficiency of the OLNC technique in mitigating SCC. Surfaces with a well-developed oxide layer retain more Pt particles. Furthermore, the pre- and post-OLNC exposure times play an important role for the Pt deposition on specimens exposed at the KKL power plant. Redistribution of Pt in the plant takes place, but most of the Pt apparently does not redeposit on the steel surfaces in the reactor system. Comparison of lab and plant results also demonstrated that plant OLNC applications can be simulated reasonably well on the lab scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Journal of Nuclear Materials is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 125056614 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Formation and deposition of platinum nanoparticles under boiling water reactor conditions. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Grundler%2C+Pascal+V%2E%22">Grundler, Pascal V.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> pascal.grundler@psi.ch</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Veleva%2C+Lyubomira%22">Veleva, Lyubomira</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ritter%2C+Stefan%22">Ritter, Stefan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Nuclear+Materials%22">Journal of Nuclear Materials</searchLink>. Oct2017, Vol. 494, p200-210. 11p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Platinum+nanoparticles%22">Platinum nanoparticles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Boiling+water+reactors%22">Boiling water reactors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Water+chemistry%22">Water chemistry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22High+temperatures%22">High temperatures</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metallic+surfaces%22">Metallic surfaces</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is a well-known degradation mechanism for components of boiling water reactors (BWRs). Therefore the mitigation of SCC is important for ensuring the integrity of the reactor system. Noble metal chemical application (NMCA) has been developed by General Electric to mitigate SCC and reduce the negative side-effects of hydrogen water chemistry used initially for SCC mitigation. NMCA is now widely applied as an online process (OLNC) during power operation. However, the understanding of the parameters that control the formation and deposition of the noble metal (Pt) particles in a BWR was still incomplete. To fill this knowledge gap, systematic studies on the formation and deposition behaviour of Pt particles in simulated and real BWR environment were performed in the framework of a research project at PSI. The present paper summarizes the most important findings. Experiments in a sophisticated high-temperature water loop revealed that the flow conditions, water chemistry, the Pt injection rate, and the pre-conditioning of the stainless steel surfaces have an impact on the Pt deposition behaviour. Slower Pt injection rates and stoichiometric excess of H 2 over O 2 produce smaller particles, which may increase the efficiency of the OLNC technique in mitigating SCC. Surfaces with a well-developed oxide layer retain more Pt particles. Furthermore, the pre- and post-OLNC exposure times play an important role for the Pt deposition on specimens exposed at the KKL power plant. Redistribution of Pt in the plant takes place, but most of the Pt apparently does not redeposit on the steel surfaces in the reactor system. Comparison of lab and plant results also demonstrated that plant OLNC applications can be simulated reasonably well on the lab scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Nuclear Materials is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.07.018 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 11 StartPage: 200 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Platinum nanoparticles Type: general – SubjectFull: Boiling water reactors Type: general – SubjectFull: Water chemistry Type: general – SubjectFull: High temperatures Type: general – SubjectFull: Metallic surfaces Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Formation and deposition of platinum nanoparticles under boiling water reactor conditions. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Grundler, Pascal V. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Veleva, Lyubomira – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Ritter, Stefan IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 10 Text: Oct2017 Type: published Y: 2017 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 00223115 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 494 Titles: – TitleFull: Journal of Nuclear Materials Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
