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Recent versus chronic fine particulate air pollution exposure as determinant of the retinal microvasculature in school children.

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Title: Recent versus chronic fine particulate air pollution exposure as determinant of the retinal microvasculature in school children.
Authors: Provost, Eline B.1,2, Int Panis, Luc2,3, Saenen, Nelly D.1, Kicinski, Michal1, Louwies, Tijs1,2, Vrijens, Karen1, De Boever, Patrick1,2, Nawrot, Tim S.1,4 tim.nawrot@uhasselt.be
Source: Environmental Research. Nov2017, Vol. 159, p103-110. 8p.
Subjects: Physiological effects of air pollution, Retinal blood vessels, Particulate matter, Microcirculation, School children, Pathological physiology, Juvenile diseases
Abstract: Background Microvascular changes may represent an underlying mechanism through which exposure to fine particulate matter with a diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) contributes to age-related disease development. We investigated the effect of recent and chronic exposure to PM 2.5 on the microcirculation, exemplified by retinal vessel diameters, using repeated measurements in 8- to 12-year-old children. Methods 221 children (49.1% girls; mean age 9.9 years) were examined repeatedly (25 one, 124 two, and 72 three times) adding up to 489 retinal vessel examinations. Same-day exposure to PM 2.5 was measured at school. In addition, recent (same and previous day) and chronic (yearly mean) exposure was modelled at the child's residence using a high-resolution interpolation model. Residential proximity to major roads was also assessed. Changes in retinal vessel diameters associated with recent and chronic exposures were estimated using mixed models, while adjusting for other known covariates such as sex, age, BMI, blood pressure and birth weight. Results Each 10 µg/m³ increment in same-day exposure to PM 2.5 measured at school was associated with 0.35 µm (95% CI: 0.09–0.61 µm) narrower retinal arterioles and 0.35 µm (−0.03 to 0.73 µm) wider venules. Children living 100 m closer to a major road had 0.30 µm (0.05–0.54 µm) narrower arterioles. Conclusions Blood vessel diameters of the retinal microcirculation of healthy school-aged children respond to same-day PM 2.5 exposure. Furthermore, children living closer to major roads had smaller arteriolar diameters. Our results suggest that the microcirculation, with retinal microvasculature as a proxy in this study, is a pathophysiological target for air pollution in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Environmental Research is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Recent versus chronic fine particulate air pollution exposure as determinant of the retinal microvasculature in school children.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Provost%2C+Eline+B%2E%22">Provost, Eline B.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Int+Panis%2C+Luc%22">Int Panis, Luc</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Saenen%2C+Nelly+D%2E%22">Saenen, Nelly D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kicinski%2C+Michal%22">Kicinski, Michal</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Louwies%2C+Tijs%22">Louwies, Tijs</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vrijens%2C+Karen%22">Vrijens, Karen</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22De+Boever%2C+Patrick%22">De Boever, Patrick</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nawrot%2C+Tim+S%2E%22">Nawrot, Tim S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,4</relatesTo><i> tim.nawrot@uhasselt.be</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Environmental+Research%22">Environmental Research</searchLink>. Nov2017, Vol. 159, p103-110. 8p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physiological+effects+of+air+pollution%22">Physiological effects of air pollution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Retinal+blood+vessels%22">Retinal blood vessels</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Particulate+matter%22">Particulate matter</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microcirculation%22">Microcirculation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22School+children%22">School children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pathological+physiology%22">Pathological physiology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Juvenile+diseases%22">Juvenile diseases</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Background Microvascular changes may represent an underlying mechanism through which exposure to fine particulate matter with a diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) contributes to age-related disease development. We investigated the effect of recent and chronic exposure to PM 2.5 on the microcirculation, exemplified by retinal vessel diameters, using repeated measurements in 8- to 12-year-old children. Methods 221 children (49.1% girls; mean age 9.9 years) were examined repeatedly (25 one, 124 two, and 72 three times) adding up to 489 retinal vessel examinations. Same-day exposure to PM 2.5 was measured at school. In addition, recent (same and previous day) and chronic (yearly mean) exposure was modelled at the child's residence using a high-resolution interpolation model. Residential proximity to major roads was also assessed. Changes in retinal vessel diameters associated with recent and chronic exposures were estimated using mixed models, while adjusting for other known covariates such as sex, age, BMI, blood pressure and birth weight. Results Each 10 µg/m³ increment in same-day exposure to PM 2.5 measured at school was associated with 0.35 µm (95% CI: 0.09–0.61 µm) narrower retinal arterioles and 0.35 µm (−0.03 to 0.73 µm) wider venules. Children living 100 m closer to a major road had 0.30 µm (0.05–0.54 µm) narrower arterioles. Conclusions Blood vessel diameters of the retinal microcirculation of healthy school-aged children respond to same-day PM 2.5 exposure. Furthermore, children living closer to major roads had smaller arteriolar diameters. Our results suggest that the microcirculation, with retinal microvasculature as a proxy in this study, is a pathophysiological target for air pollution in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Environmental Research is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.07.027
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Physiological effects of air pollution
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      – SubjectFull: Microcirculation
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      – SubjectFull: School children
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              Text: Nov2017
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