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Interhost dispersal alters microbiome assembly and can overwhelm host innate immunity in an experimental zebrafish model.

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Title: Interhost dispersal alters microbiome assembly and can overwhelm host innate immunity in an experimental zebrafish model.
Authors: Burns, Adam R.1 adburns@stanford.edu, Miller, Elizabeth1, Agarwal, Meghna2, Rolig, Annah S.2, Milligan-Myhre, Kathryn3, Seredick, Steve4, Guillemin, Karen2,5, Bohannan, Brendan J. M.1
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 10/17/2017, Vol. 114 Issue 42, p11181-11186. 6p.
Subjects: Natural immunity, Microbial communities, Dispersal (Ecology), Host-bacteria relationships, Gut microbiota, Zebra danio
Abstract: The diverse collections of microorganisms associated with humans and other animals, collectively referred to as their "microbiome," are critical for host health, but the mechanisms that govern their assembly are poorly understood. This has made it difficult to identify consistent host factors that explain variation in microbiomes across hosts, despite large-scale sampling efforts. While ecological theory predicts that the movement, or dispersal, of individuals can have profound and predictable consequences on community assembly, its role in the assembly of animal-associated microbiomes remains underexplored. Here, we show that dispersal of microorganisms among hosts can contribute substantially to microbiome variation, and is able to overwhelm the effects of individual host factors, in an experimental test of ecological theory. We manipulated dispersal among wild-type and immune-deficient myd88 knockout zebrafish and observed that interhost dispersal had a large effect on the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiomes. Interhost dispersal was strong enough to overwhelm the effects of host factors, largely eliminating differences between wild-type and immune-deficient hosts, regardless of whether dispersal occurred within or between genotypes, suggesting dispersal can independently alter the ecology of microbiomes. Our observations are consistent with a predictive model that assumes metacommunity dynamics and are likely mediated by dispersalrelated microbial traits. These results illustrate the importance of microbial dispersal to animal microbiomes and motivate its integration into the study of host-microbe systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: Interhost dispersal alters microbiome assembly and can overwhelm host innate immunity in an experimental zebrafish model.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Natural+immunity%22">Natural immunity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microbial+communities%22">Microbial communities</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dispersal+%28Ecology%29%22">Dispersal (Ecology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Host-bacteria+relationships%22">Host-bacteria relationships</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gut+microbiota%22">Gut microbiota</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Zebra+danio%22">Zebra danio</searchLink>
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  Data: The diverse collections of microorganisms associated with humans and other animals, collectively referred to as their "microbiome," are critical for host health, but the mechanisms that govern their assembly are poorly understood. This has made it difficult to identify consistent host factors that explain variation in microbiomes across hosts, despite large-scale sampling efforts. While ecological theory predicts that the movement, or dispersal, of individuals can have profound and predictable consequences on community assembly, its role in the assembly of animal-associated microbiomes remains underexplored. Here, we show that dispersal of microorganisms among hosts can contribute substantially to microbiome variation, and is able to overwhelm the effects of individual host factors, in an experimental test of ecological theory. We manipulated dispersal among wild-type and immune-deficient myd88 knockout zebrafish and observed that interhost dispersal had a large effect on the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiomes. Interhost dispersal was strong enough to overwhelm the effects of host factors, largely eliminating differences between wild-type and immune-deficient hosts, regardless of whether dispersal occurred within or between genotypes, suggesting dispersal can independently alter the ecology of microbiomes. Our observations are consistent with a predictive model that assumes metacommunity dynamics and are likely mediated by dispersalrelated microbial traits. These results illustrate the importance of microbial dispersal to animal microbiomes and motivate its integration into the study of host-microbe systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1073/pnas.1702511114
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        Text: English
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Microbial communities
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      – SubjectFull: Dispersal (Ecology)
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      – SubjectFull: Host-bacteria relationships
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      – SubjectFull: Gut microbiota
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      – SubjectFull: Zebra danio
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      – TitleFull: Interhost dispersal alters microbiome assembly and can overwhelm host innate immunity in an experimental zebrafish model.
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              Text: 10/17/2017
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