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Methylene blue mediated photobiomodulation on human osteoblast cells.

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Title: Methylene blue mediated photobiomodulation on human osteoblast cells.
Authors: Ateş, Gamze1 gbolukbasi@boun.edu.tr, Ak, Ayşe2, Garipcan, Bora1, Gülsoy, Murat1, Ateş, Gamze Bölükbaşı3 (AUTHOR), Ak, Ayşe4 (AUTHOR), Gülsoy, Murat3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Lasers in Medical Science. Nov2017, Vol. 32 Issue 8, p1847-1855. 9p.
Subjects: Photodynamic therapy, Medical lasers, Dentistry, Cell proliferation, Osteoblasts, Cell lines, Alkaline phosphatase, Bone growth, Cell physiology, Genes, Lasers, Methylene blue, Stains & staining (Microscopy), Pharmacodynamics, Physiological effects of radiation
Abstract: Photobiomodulation (PBM) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) are two major methods, which use light in medicine and dentistry. PBM uses low-level laser light to induce cell proliferation and activity. In contrast, PDT use laser light combined with a photosensitizer (PS) to cause cell death. Due to similar, not fully understood mechanisms and biphasic response of light, unexpected and complex outcomes may be observed. In the present study, the effect of 635 nm laser light, with power density 50 mW/cm2, at three different energy densities (0.5, 1, and 2 J/cm2 which last 10, 20, and 40 s, respectively) mediated by methylene blue (MB) on the human osteoblast cell line (ATCC-CRL-11372, Rockville, MD, USA) was investigated. Cell viability (MTT assay and acridine orange/propidium iodide staining) and proliferation (Alamar Blue assay) were assessed at 24, 48, and 72 h post irradiation. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red staining) and gene expressions (RT-PCR analysis) were analyzed at 7th and 14th days after treatment. Five groups were formed as the control group (no MB, no irradiation), MB (only 0.05 μM MB), MB + 0.5 J/cm2, MB + 1 J/cm2, and MB + 2 J/cm2. Cell viability was decreased at 72 h (ANOVA; p < 0.05) for MB + 0.5 J/cm2, MB + 1 J/cm2, and MB + 2 J/cm2 groups. Although proliferation does not seem to be effected by MB-mediated laser application, osteo-anabolic activity is altered. ALP activity was significantly increased at day 7 (ANOVA; p < 0.05) for MB-combined laser groups; on the other hand, mineralization was significantly decreased (ANOVA; p < 0.05) in all treatment groups. Alkaline phosphatase and collagen-I expressions were upregulated in MB + 2 J/cm2 group at 7th and 14th days, respectively. These results may contribute to the low-dose PDT researches and understanding PBM effects on osteoblast behavior but further studies are needed since inappropriate conditions may lead to undesirable results for both therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Lasers in Medical Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Photobiomodulation (PBM) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) are two major methods, which use light in medicine and dentistry. PBM uses low-level laser light to induce cell proliferation and activity. In contrast, PDT use laser light combined with a photosensitizer (PS) to cause cell death. Due to similar, not fully understood mechanisms and biphasic response of light, unexpected and complex outcomes may be observed. In the present study, the effect of 635&#160;nm laser light, with power density 50&#160;mW/cm2, at three different energy densities (0.5, 1, and 2&#160;J/cm2 which last 10, 20, and 40&#160;s, respectively) mediated by methylene blue (MB) on the human osteoblast cell line (ATCC-CRL-11372, Rockville, MD, USA) was investigated. Cell viability (MTT assay and acridine orange/propidium iodide staining) and proliferation (Alamar Blue assay) were assessed at 24, 48, and 72&#160;h post irradiation. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red staining) and gene expressions (RT-PCR analysis) were analyzed at 7th and 14th days after treatment. Five groups were formed as the control group (no MB, no irradiation), MB (only 0.05&#160;μM MB), MB&#160;+&#160;0.5&#160;J/cm2, MB&#160;+&#160;1&#160;J/cm2, and MB&#160;+&#160;2&#160;J/cm2. Cell viability was decreased at 72&#160;h (ANOVA; p&#160;&lt;&#160;0.05) for MB&#160;+&#160;0.5&#160;J/cm2, MB&#160;+&#160;1&#160;J/cm2, and MB&#160;+&#160;2&#160;J/cm2 groups. Although proliferation does not seem to be effected by MB-mediated laser application, osteo-anabolic activity is altered. ALP activity was significantly increased at day 7 (ANOVA; p&#160;&lt;&#160;0.05) for MB-combined laser groups; on the other hand, mineralization was significantly decreased (ANOVA; p&#160;&lt;&#160;0.05) in all treatment groups. Alkaline phosphatase and collagen-I expressions were upregulated in MB&#160;+&#160;2&#160;J/cm2 group at 7th and 14th days, respectively. These results may contribute to the low-dose PDT researches and understanding PBM effects on osteoblast behavior but further studies are needed since inappropriate conditions may lead to undesirable results for both therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Lasers in Medical Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s10103-017-2286-7
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      – SubjectFull: Photodynamic therapy
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      – SubjectFull: Medical lasers
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      – SubjectFull: Cell proliferation
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      – SubjectFull: Osteoblasts
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