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Industrial waste injection feasibility in North Dakota.

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Title: Industrial waste injection feasibility in North Dakota.
Authors: Mohamed, I.M.1 imohamed@advantekinternational.com, Block, G.1, Abou-Sayed, O.1, Abou-Sayed, A.S.1
Source: Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering. Nov2017, Vol. 159, p267-278. 12p.
Subjects: Industrial waste management, Petroleum refining, Oil field brines, Fluid mechanics, Hazardous wastes
Geographic Terms: North Dakota
Abstract: Class I and Class II waste re-injection are the most important methods for disposing of fluid in North Dakota: in 2007, more than 96% of produced water were disposed of using underground injection, and by 2012 all produced water was being managed by underground injection. While Class II injection covers waste produced from most Exploration & Production (E&P) activities, Class I injection wells are used for disposing of a special class of industrial wastes, including waste generated by petroleum refining, metal production, chemical production, pharmaceutical production, commercial disposal, and food production. Non-hazardous industrial waste and Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) not associated with E&P can also be injected using Class I wells. In all cases, the primary concern for permitting and safe operations is to (1) predict the movement of the injected waste to ensure that it stays within pre-defined formations, and (2) ensure that pore-pressure increases caused by injection do not impact neighboring offset wells. Results from a geochemical study of the feasibility of disposal into the Dakota Sands (Inyan Kara formation) in North Dakota is being presented. Analyses were made using a compositional reservoir simulation (REVEAL) to predict the pore-pressure distribution, direction and movement of the injected fluid, as well as chemical reactions between formation brine/waste/formation rocks and the effect of these chemical reactions on formation injectivity and cap rock integrity. Forecasts indicate that for over 50 years of injection, the injected wastes will be completely trapped within the Dakota Sands (no fluid flow is expected to penetrate through the cap rock) and injection pressures are expected to remain well below the estimated fracture pressure. While the Inyan Kara formation is therefore a reasonable storage trap for industrial wastes, carbonate and sulfate scales may cause near wellbore formation damage and rising wellhead pressures which operators will need to address. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 126104296
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Industrial waste injection feasibility in North Dakota.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Petroleum+Science+%26+Engineering%22">Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering</searchLink>. Nov2017, Vol. 159, p267-278. 12p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Industrial+waste+management%22">Industrial waste management</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Petroleum+refining%22">Petroleum refining</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Oil+field+brines%22">Oil field brines</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fluid+mechanics%22">Fluid mechanics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hazardous+wastes%22">Hazardous wastes</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22North+Dakota%22">North Dakota</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Class I and Class II waste re-injection are the most important methods for disposing of fluid in North Dakota: in 2007, more than 96% of produced water were disposed of using underground injection, and by 2012 all produced water was being managed by underground injection. While Class II injection covers waste produced from most Exploration & Production (E&P) activities, Class I injection wells are used for disposing of a special class of industrial wastes, including waste generated by petroleum refining, metal production, chemical production, pharmaceutical production, commercial disposal, and food production. Non-hazardous industrial waste and Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) not associated with E&P can also be injected using Class I wells. In all cases, the primary concern for permitting and safe operations is to (1) predict the movement of the injected waste to ensure that it stays within pre-defined formations, and (2) ensure that pore-pressure increases caused by injection do not impact neighboring offset wells. Results from a geochemical study of the feasibility of disposal into the Dakota Sands (Inyan Kara formation) in North Dakota is being presented. Analyses were made using a compositional reservoir simulation (REVEAL) to predict the pore-pressure distribution, direction and movement of the injected fluid, as well as chemical reactions between formation brine/waste/formation rocks and the effect of these chemical reactions on formation injectivity and cap rock integrity. Forecasts indicate that for over 50 years of injection, the injected wastes will be completely trapped within the Dakota Sands (no fluid flow is expected to penetrate through the cap rock) and injection pressures are expected to remain well below the estimated fracture pressure. While the Inyan Kara formation is therefore a reasonable storage trap for industrial wastes, carbonate and sulfate scales may cause near wellbore formation damage and rising wellhead pressures which operators will need to address. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.petrol.2017.09.028
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 267
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Industrial waste management
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Petroleum refining
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Oil field brines
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fluid mechanics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hazardous wastes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: North Dakota
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Industrial waste injection feasibility in North Dakota.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Mohamed, I.M.
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            NameFull: Block, G.
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            NameFull: Abou-Sayed, O.
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            NameFull: Abou-Sayed, A.S.
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            – D: 01
              M: 11
              Text: Nov2017
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              Y: 2017
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              Value: 159
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