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An endogenous retroviral envelope syncytin and its cognate receptor identified in the viviparous placental Mabuya lizard.

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Title: An endogenous retroviral envelope syncytin and its cognate receptor identified in the viviparous placental Mabuya lizard.
Authors: Cornelis, Guillaume1,2, Funk, Mathis1,2, Vernochet, Cécile1,2, Heidmann, Odile1,2, Dupressoir, Anne1,2, Heidmann, Thierry1,2, Leal, Francisca3, Tarazona, Oscar Alejandro3, Ramirez-Pinilla, Martha Patricia3, Meurice, Guillaume4, Miralles, Aurélien5
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 12/19/2017, Vol. 114 Issue 51, pE10991-E11000. 10p.
Subjects: Syncytins, Retroviruses, Marsupials, RNA sequencing, Immunohistochemistry
Abstract: Syncytins are envelope genes from endogenous retroviruses that have been captured during evolution for a function in placentation. They have been found in all placental mammals in which they have been searched, including marsupials. Placental structures are not restricted to mammals but also emerged in some other vertebrates, most frequently in lizards, such as the viviparous Mabuya Scincidae. Here, we performed high-throughput RNA sequencing of a Mabuya placenta transcriptome and screened for the presence of retroviral env genes with a full-length ORF. We identified one such gene, which we named "syncytin-Mab1," that has all the characteristics expected for a syncytin gene. It encodes a membrane-bound envelope protein with fusogenic activity ex vivo, is expressed at the placental level as revealed by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry and is conserved in all Mabuya species tested, spanning over 25 My of evolution. Its cognate receptor, required for its fusogenic activity, was searched for by a screening assay using the GeneBridge4 human/Chinese hamster radiation hybrid panel and found to be theMPZL1 gene, previously identified in mammals as a signal-transducing transmembrane protein involved in cell migration. Together, these results show that syncytin capture is not restricted to placental mammals, but can also take place in the rare nonmammalian vertebrates in which a viviparous placentotrophic mode of reproduction emerged. It suggests that similar molecular tools have been used for the convergent evolution of placentation in independently evolved and highly distant vertebrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: An endogenous retroviral envelope syncytin and its cognate receptor identified in the viviparous placental Mabuya lizard.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cornelis%2C+Guillaume%22">Cornelis, Guillaume</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Funk%2C+Mathis%22">Funk, Mathis</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vernochet%2C+Cécile%22">Vernochet, Cécile</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Heidmann%2C+Odile%22">Heidmann, Odile</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dupressoir%2C+Anne%22">Dupressoir, Anne</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Heidmann%2C+Thierry%22">Heidmann, Thierry</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Leal%2C+Francisca%22">Leal, Francisca</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tarazona%2C+Oscar+Alejandro%22">Tarazona, Oscar Alejandro</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ramirez-Pinilla%2C+Martha+Patricia%22">Ramirez-Pinilla, Martha Patricia</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Meurice%2C+Guillaume%22">Meurice, Guillaume</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Miralles%2C+Aurélien%22">Miralles, Aurélien</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Syncytins%22">Syncytins</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Retroviruses%22">Retroviruses</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Marsupials%22">Marsupials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22RNA+sequencing%22">RNA sequencing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Immunohistochemistry%22">Immunohistochemistry</searchLink>
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  Data: Syncytins are envelope genes from endogenous retroviruses that have been captured during evolution for a function in placentation. They have been found in all placental mammals in which they have been searched, including marsupials. Placental structures are not restricted to mammals but also emerged in some other vertebrates, most frequently in lizards, such as the viviparous Mabuya Scincidae. Here, we performed high-throughput RNA sequencing of a Mabuya placenta transcriptome and screened for the presence of retroviral env genes with a full-length ORF. We identified one such gene, which we named "syncytin-Mab1," that has all the characteristics expected for a syncytin gene. It encodes a membrane-bound envelope protein with fusogenic activity ex vivo, is expressed at the placental level as revealed by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry and is conserved in all Mabuya species tested, spanning over 25 My of evolution. Its cognate receptor, required for its fusogenic activity, was searched for by a screening assay using the GeneBridge4 human/Chinese hamster radiation hybrid panel and found to be theMPZL1 gene, previously identified in mammals as a signal-transducing transmembrane protein involved in cell migration. Together, these results show that syncytin capture is not restricted to placental mammals, but can also take place in the rare nonmammalian vertebrates in which a viviparous placentotrophic mode of reproduction emerged. It suggests that similar molecular tools have been used for the convergent evolution of placentation in independently evolved and highly distant vertebrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1073/pnas.1714590114
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Syncytins
        Type: general
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      – SubjectFull: Marsupials
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      – SubjectFull: RNA sequencing
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      – SubjectFull: Immunohistochemistry
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      – TitleFull: An endogenous retroviral envelope syncytin and its cognate receptor identified in the viviparous placental Mabuya lizard.
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              Text: 12/19/2017
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