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Relating the physical properties of volcanic rocks to the characteristics of ash generated by experimental abrasion.

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Title: Relating the physical properties of volcanic rocks to the characteristics of ash generated by experimental abrasion.
Authors: Buckland, Hannah M.1 hannah.buckland@bristol.ac.uk, Eychenne, Julia2, Rust, Alison C.1, Cashman, Katharine V.1
Source: Journal of Volcanology & Geothermal Research. Jan2018, Vol. 349, p335-350. 16p.
Subjects: Volcanic ash, tuff, etc., Mechanical abrasion, Density currents, Crystallinity, Phenocrysts
Abstract: Interactions between clasts in pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) generate volcanic ash that can be dispersed to the atmosphere in co-PDC plumes, and due to its small size, is far-travelled. We designed a series of experiments to determine the effects of pyroclast vesicularity and crystal content on the efficiency and type of ash generated by abrasion. Two different pyroclastic materials were used: (1) basaltic-andesite pyroclasts from Fuego volcano (Guatemala) with ~ 26–46% vesicularity and high groundmass crystallinity and (2) tephri-phonolite Avellino pumice (Vesuvius, Italy) with ~ 55–75% vesicularity and low groundmass crystallinity. When milled, both clast types produced bimodal grain size distributions with fine ash modes between 4 and 5φ (32–63 μm). Although the vesicular Avellino pumice typically generated more ash than the denser Fuego pyroclasts, the ash-generating potential of a single pyroclast was independent of density, and instead governed by heterogeneous crystal and vesicle textures. One consequence of these heterogeneities was to cause the vesicular Avellino clasts to split in addition to abrading, which further enhanced abrasion efficiency. The matrix characteristics also affected ash shape and componentry, which will influence the elutriation and transport properties of ash in the atmosphere. The experimental abrasion successfully replicated some of the characteristics of natural co-PDC ash samples, as shown by similarities in the Adherence Factor, which measures the proportion of attached matrix on phenocrysts, of both the experimentally generated ash and natural co-PDC ash samples. Our results support previous studies, which have shown that abrasion is an effective mechanism for generating fine ash that is similar in size (~ 5φ; 30 μm) to that found in co-PDC deposits. We further show that both the abundance and nature (shape, density, components, size distribution) of those ash particles are strongly controlled by the matrix properties of the abraded pyroclasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Volcanology & Geothermal Research is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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  Data: Relating the physical properties of volcanic rocks to the characteristics of ash generated by experimental abrasion.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Buckland%2C+Hannah+M%2E%22">Buckland, Hannah M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> hannah.buckland@bristol.ac.uk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Eychenne%2C+Julia%22">Eychenne, Julia</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rust%2C+Alison+C%2E%22">Rust, Alison C.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cashman%2C+Katharine+V%2E%22">Cashman, Katharine V.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Volcanology+%26+Geothermal+Research%22">Journal of Volcanology & Geothermal Research</searchLink>. Jan2018, Vol. 349, p335-350. 16p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Volcanic+ash%2C+tuff%2C+etc%2E%22">Volcanic ash, tuff, etc.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+abrasion%22">Mechanical abrasion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Density+currents%22">Density currents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Crystallinity%22">Crystallinity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phenocrysts%22">Phenocrysts</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Interactions between clasts in pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) generate volcanic ash that can be dispersed to the atmosphere in co-PDC plumes, and due to its small size, is far-travelled. We designed a series of experiments to determine the effects of pyroclast vesicularity and crystal content on the efficiency and type of ash generated by abrasion. Two different pyroclastic materials were used: (1) basaltic-andesite pyroclasts from Fuego volcano (Guatemala) with ~ 26–46% vesicularity and high groundmass crystallinity and (2) tephri-phonolite Avellino pumice (Vesuvius, Italy) with ~ 55–75% vesicularity and low groundmass crystallinity. When milled, both clast types produced bimodal grain size distributions with fine ash modes between 4 and 5φ (32–63 μm). Although the vesicular Avellino pumice typically generated more ash than the denser Fuego pyroclasts, the ash-generating potential of a single pyroclast was independent of density, and instead governed by heterogeneous crystal and vesicle textures. One consequence of these heterogeneities was to cause the vesicular Avellino clasts to split in addition to abrading, which further enhanced abrasion efficiency. The matrix characteristics also affected ash shape and componentry, which will influence the elutriation and transport properties of ash in the atmosphere. The experimental abrasion successfully replicated some of the characteristics of natural co-PDC ash samples, as shown by similarities in the Adherence Factor, which measures the proportion of attached matrix on phenocrysts, of both the experimentally generated ash and natural co-PDC ash samples. Our results support previous studies, which have shown that abrasion is an effective mechanism for generating fine ash that is similar in size (~ 5φ; 30 μm) to that found in co-PDC deposits. We further show that both the abundance and nature (shape, density, components, size distribution) of those ash particles are strongly controlled by the matrix properties of the abraded pyroclasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Volcanology & Geothermal Research is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.11.017
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 335
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Volcanic ash, tuff, etc.
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mechanical abrasion
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Density currents
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Crystallinity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Phenocrysts
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Relating the physical properties of volcanic rocks to the characteristics of ash generated by experimental abrasion.
        Type: main
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      – PersonEntity:
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            NameFull: Buckland, Hannah M.
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            NameFull: Eychenne, Julia
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            NameFull: Rust, Alison C.
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            NameFull: Cashman, Katharine V.
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 01
              Text: Jan2018
              Type: published
              Y: 2018
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              Value: 349
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            – TitleFull: Journal of Volcanology & Geothermal Research
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