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Gradient nonlinearity effects on upper cervical spinal cord area measurement from 3D T1‐weighted brain MRI acquisitions.

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Title: Gradient nonlinearity effects on upper cervical spinal cord area measurement from 3D T1‐weighted brain MRI acquisitions.
Authors: Papinutto, Nico1 nico.papinutto@ucsf.edu, Bakshi, Rohit2, Bischof, Antje1, Calabresi, Peter A.3, Caverzasi, Eduardo1,4, Constable, R. Todd5, Datta, Esha1, Kirkish, Gina1, Nair, Govind6, Oh, Jiwon3,7, Pelletier, Daniel8, Pham, Dzung L.9, Reich, Daniel S.6, Rooney, William10, Roy, Snehashis9, Schwartz, Daniel10, Shinohara, Russell T.11, Sicotte, Nancy L.12, Stern, William A.1, Tagge, Ian10
Source: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Mar2018, Vol. 79 Issue 3, p1595-1601. 7p.
Abstract: Purpose: To explore (i) the variability of upper cervical cord area (UCCA) measurements from volumetric brain 3D T1‐weighted scans related to gradient nonlinearity (GNL) and subject positioning; (ii) the effect of vendor‐implemented GNL corrections; and (iii) easily applicable methods that can be used to retrospectively correct data. Methods: A multiple sclerosis patient was scanned at seven sites using 3T MRI scanners with the same 3D T1‐weighted protocol without GNL‐distortion correction. Two healthy subjects and a phantom were additionally scanned at a single site with varying table positions. The 2D and 3D vendor‐implemented GNL‐correction algorithms and retrospective methods based on (i) phantom data fit, (ii) normalization with C2 vertebral body diameters, and (iii) the Jacobian determinant of nonlinear registrations to a template were tested. Results: Depending on the positioning of the subject, GNL introduced up to 15% variability in UCCA measurements from volumetric brain T1‐weighted scans when no distortion corrections were used. The 3D vendor‐implemented correction methods and the three proposed methods reduced this variability to less than 3%. Conclusions: Our results raise awareness of the significant impact that GNL can have on quantitative UCCA studies, and point the way to prospectively and retrospectively managing GNL distortions in a variety of settings, including clinical environments. Magn Reson Med 79:1595–1601, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Gradient nonlinearity effects on upper cervical spinal cord area measurement from 3D T<subscript>1</subscript>‐weighted brain MRI acquisitions.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Papinutto%2C+Nico%22">Papinutto, Nico</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> nico.papinutto@ucsf.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bakshi%2C+Rohit%22">Bakshi, Rohit</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bischof%2C+Antje%22">Bischof, Antje</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Calabresi%2C+Peter+A%2E%22">Calabresi, Peter A.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Caverzasi%2C+Eduardo%22">Caverzasi, Eduardo</searchLink><relatesTo>1,4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Constable%2C+R%2E+Todd%22">Constable, R. Todd</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Datta%2C+Esha%22">Datta, Esha</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kirkish%2C+Gina%22">Kirkish, Gina</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nair%2C+Govind%22">Nair, Govind</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Oh%2C+Jiwon%22">Oh, Jiwon</searchLink><relatesTo>3,7</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pelletier%2C+Daniel%22">Pelletier, Daniel</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pham%2C+Dzung+L%2E%22">Pham, Dzung L.</searchLink><relatesTo>9</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Reich%2C+Daniel+S%2E%22">Reich, Daniel S.</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rooney%2C+William%22">Rooney, William</searchLink><relatesTo>10</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Roy%2C+Snehashis%22">Roy, Snehashis</searchLink><relatesTo>9</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schwartz%2C+Daniel%22">Schwartz, Daniel</searchLink><relatesTo>10</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shinohara%2C+Russell+T%2E%22">Shinohara, Russell T.</searchLink><relatesTo>11</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sicotte%2C+Nancy+L%2E%22">Sicotte, Nancy L.</searchLink><relatesTo>12</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Stern%2C+William+A%2E%22">Stern, William A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tagge%2C+Ian%22">Tagge, Ian</searchLink><relatesTo>10</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Magnetic+Resonance+in+Medicine%22">Magnetic Resonance in Medicine</searchLink>. Mar2018, Vol. 79 Issue 3, p1595-1601. 7p.
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Purpose: To explore (i) the variability of upper cervical cord area (UCCA) measurements from volumetric brain 3D T1‐weighted scans related to gradient nonlinearity (GNL) and subject positioning; (ii) the effect of vendor‐implemented GNL corrections; and (iii) easily applicable methods that can be used to retrospectively correct data. Methods: A multiple sclerosis patient was scanned at seven sites using 3T MRI scanners with the same 3D T1‐weighted protocol without GNL‐distortion correction. Two healthy subjects and a phantom were additionally scanned at a single site with varying table positions. The 2D and 3D vendor‐implemented GNL‐correction algorithms and retrospective methods based on (i) phantom data fit, (ii) normalization with C2 vertebral body diameters, and (iii) the Jacobian determinant of nonlinear registrations to a template were tested. Results: Depending on the positioning of the subject, GNL introduced up to 15% variability in UCCA measurements from volumetric brain T1‐weighted scans when no distortion corrections were used. The 3D vendor‐implemented correction methods and the three proposed methods reduced this variability to less than 3%. Conclusions: Our results raise awareness of the significant impact that GNL can have on quantitative UCCA studies, and point the way to prospectively and retrospectively managing GNL distortions in a variety of settings, including clinical environments. Magn Reson Med 79:1595–1601, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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