Establishing upper limits on neuronal activity–evoked pH changes with APT‐CEST MRI at 7 T.
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| Title: | Establishing upper limits on neuronal activity–evoked pH changes with APT‐CEST MRI at 7 T. |
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| Authors: | Khlebnikov, Vitaliy1 v.khlebnikov@umcutrecht.nl, Siero, Jeroen C. W.1,2, Bhogal, Alex A.1, Luijten, Peter R.1, Klomp, Dennis W. J.1, Hoogduin, Hans1 |
| Source: | Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Jul2018, Vol. 80 Issue 1, p126-136. 11p. |
| Abstract: | Purpose: To detect neuronal activity–evoked pH changes by amide proton transfer–chemical exchange saturation transfer (APT‐CEST) MRI at 7 T. Methods: Three healthy subjects participated in the study. A low‐power 3‐dimensional APT‐CEST sequence was optimized through the Bloch‐McConnell equations. pH sensitivity of the sequence was estimated both in phantoms and in vivo. The feasibility of pH–functional MRI was tested in Bloch‐McConnell‐simulated data using the optimized sequence. In healthy subjects, the visual stimuli were used to evoke transient pH changes in the visual cortex, and a 3‐dimensional APT‐CEST volume was acquired at the pH‐sensitive frequency offset of 3.5 ppm every 12.6 s. Results: In theory, a three‐component general linear model was capable of separating the effects of blood oxygenation level–dependent contrast and pH. The Bloch‐McConnell equations indicated that a change in pH of 0.03 should be measurable at the experimentally determined temporal signal‐to‐noise ratio of 108. However, only a blood oxygenation level–dependent effect in the visual cortex could be discerned during the visual stimuli experiments performed in the healthy subjects. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that if indeed there are any transient brain pH changes in response to visual stimuli, those are under 0.03 units pH change, which is extremely difficult to detect using the existent techniques. Magn Reson Med 80:126–136, 2018. © 2017 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Establishing upper limits on neuronal activity–evoked pH changes with APT‐CEST MRI at 7 T. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Khlebnikov%2C+Vitaliy%22">Khlebnikov, Vitaliy</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> v.khlebnikov@umcutrecht.nl</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Siero%2C+Jeroen+C%2E+W%2E%22">Siero, Jeroen C. W.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bhogal%2C+Alex+A%2E%22">Bhogal, Alex A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Luijten%2C+Peter+R%2E%22">Luijten, Peter R.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Klomp%2C+Dennis+W%2E+J%2E%22">Klomp, Dennis W. J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hoogduin%2C+Hans%22">Hoogduin, Hans</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Magnetic+Resonance+in+Medicine%22">Magnetic Resonance in Medicine</searchLink>. Jul2018, Vol. 80 Issue 1, p126-136. 11p. – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Purpose: To detect neuronal activity–evoked pH changes by amide proton transfer–chemical exchange saturation transfer (APT‐CEST) MRI at 7 T. Methods: Three healthy subjects participated in the study. A low‐power 3‐dimensional APT‐CEST sequence was optimized through the Bloch‐McConnell equations. pH sensitivity of the sequence was estimated both in phantoms and in vivo. The feasibility of pH–functional MRI was tested in Bloch‐McConnell‐simulated data using the optimized sequence. In healthy subjects, the visual stimuli were used to evoke transient pH changes in the visual cortex, and a 3‐dimensional APT‐CEST volume was acquired at the pH‐sensitive frequency offset of 3.5 ppm every 12.6 s. Results: In theory, a three‐component general linear model was capable of separating the effects of blood oxygenation level–dependent contrast and pH. The Bloch‐McConnell equations indicated that a change in pH of 0.03 should be measurable at the experimentally determined temporal signal‐to‐noise ratio of 108. However, only a blood oxygenation level–dependent effect in the visual cortex could be discerned during the visual stimuli experiments performed in the healthy subjects. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that if indeed there are any transient brain pH changes in response to visual stimuli, those are under 0.03 units pH change, which is extremely difficult to detect using the existent techniques. Magn Reson Med 80:126–136, 2018. © 2017 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1002/mrm.27013 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 11 StartPage: 126 Titles: – TitleFull: Establishing upper limits on neuronal activity–evoked pH changes with APT‐CEST MRI at 7 T. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Khlebnikov, Vitaliy – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Siero, Jeroen C. W. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Bhogal, Alex A. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Luijten, Peter R. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Klomp, Dennis W. J. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Hoogduin, Hans IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 07 Text: Jul2018 Type: published Y: 2018 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 07403194 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 80 – Type: issue Value: 1 Titles: – TitleFull: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Type: main |
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