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Long-term exposure to trihalomethanes in drinking water and breast cancer in the Spanish multicase-control study on cancer (MCC-SPAIN).

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Title: Long-term exposure to trihalomethanes in drinking water and breast cancer in the Spanish multicase-control study on cancer (MCC-SPAIN).
Authors: Font-Ribera, Laia1,2,3,4, Gràcia-Lavedan, Esther1,3,4, Aragonés, Nuria4,5, Pérez-Gómez, Beatriz4,5, Pollán, Marina4,5,6, Amiano, Pilar4,7, Jiménez-Zabala, Ana7, Castaño-Vinyals, Gemma1,2,3,4, Roca-Barceló, Aina8, Ardanaz, Eva4,9, Burgui, Rosana4,9, Molina, Antonio José10, Fernández-Villa, Tania10, Gómez-Acebo, Inés11, Dierssen-Sotos, Trinidad11, Moreno, Victor4,12,13,14, Fernandez-Tardon, Guillermo4,15, Peiró, Rosana4,16, Kogevinas, Manolis1,2,3,4, Villanueva, Cristina M.1,2,3,4 cristina.villanueva@isglobal.org
Source: Environment International. Mar2018, Vol. 112, p227-234. 8p.
Subjects: Trihalomethanes, Contamination of drinking water, Bladder cancer risk factors, Breast cancer risk factors, Physiological effects of chloroform
Abstract: Background Exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) in drinking water has consistently been associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer, but evidence on other cancers including the breast is very limited. Objectives We assessed long-term exposure to THMs to evaluate the association with female breast cancer (BC) risk. Methods A multi case-control study was conducted in Spain from 2008 to 2013. We included 1003 incident BC cases (women 20–85 years old) recruited from 14 hospitals and 1458 population controls. Subjects were interviewed to ascertain residential histories and major recognized risk factors for BC. Mean residential levels of chloroform, brominated THMs (Br-THMs) and the sum of both as total THM (TTHMs) during the adult-lifetime were calculated. Results Mean adult-lifetime residential levels ranged from 0.8 to 145.7 μg/L for TTHM (median = 30.8), from 0.2 to 62.4 μg/L for chloroform (median = 19.7) and from 0.3 to 126.0 μg/L for Br-THMs (median = 9.7). Adult-lifetime residential chloroform was associated with BC (adjusted OR = 1.47; 95%CI = 1.05, 2.06 for the highest (> 24 μg/L) vs. lowest (< 8 μg/L) quartile; p-trend = 0.024). No association was detected for residential Br-THMs (OR = 0.91; 95%CI = 0.68, 1.23 for > 31 μg/L vs. < 6 μg/L) or TTHMs (OR = 1.14; 95%CI = 0.83, 1.57 for > 48 μg/L vs. < 22 μg/L). Conclusions At common levels in Europe, long-term residential total THMs were not related to female breast cancer. A moderate association with chloroform was suggested at the highest exposure category. This large epidemiological study with extensive exposure assessment overcomes several limitations of previous studies but further studies are needed to confirm these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Environment International is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Background Exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) in drinking water has consistently been associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer, but evidence on other cancers including the breast is very limited. Objectives We assessed long-term exposure to THMs to evaluate the association with female breast cancer (BC) risk. Methods A multi case-control study was conducted in Spain from 2008 to 2013. We included 1003 incident BC cases (women 20–85 years old) recruited from 14 hospitals and 1458 population controls. Subjects were interviewed to ascertain residential histories and major recognized risk factors for BC. Mean residential levels of chloroform, brominated THMs (Br-THMs) and the sum of both as total THM (TTHMs) during the adult-lifetime were calculated. Results Mean adult-lifetime residential levels ranged from 0.8 to 145.7 μg/L for TTHM (median = 30.8), from 0.2 to 62.4 μg/L for chloroform (median = 19.7) and from 0.3 to 126.0 μg/L for Br-THMs (median = 9.7). Adult-lifetime residential chloroform was associated with BC (adjusted OR = 1.47; 95%CI = 1.05, 2.06 for the highest (&gt; 24 μg/L) vs. lowest (&lt; 8 μg/L) quartile; p-trend = 0.024). No association was detected for residential Br-THMs (OR = 0.91; 95%CI = 0.68, 1.23 for &gt; 31 μg/L vs. &lt; 6 μg/L) or TTHMs (OR = 1.14; 95%CI = 0.83, 1.57 for &gt; 48 μg/L vs. &lt; 22 μg/L). Conclusions At common levels in Europe, long-term residential total THMs were not related to female breast cancer. A moderate association with chloroform was suggested at the highest exposure category. This large epidemiological study with extensive exposure assessment overcomes several limitations of previous studies but further studies are needed to confirm these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Environment International is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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