Review of hydrodynamic tunneling issues in high power particle accelerators.
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| Title: | Review of hydrodynamic tunneling issues in high power particle accelerators. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Tahir, N.A.1 n.tahir@gsi.de, Burkart, F.2, Schmidt, R.2, Shutov, A.3, Piriz, A.R.4 |
| Source: | Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B. Jul2018, Vol. 427, p70-86. 17p. |
| Subjects: | Hydrodynamics, Tunnels, Particle acceleration, Large Hadron Collider, Copper |
| Abstract: | Full impact of one Large Hadron Collider (LHC) 7 TeV proton beam on solid targets made of different materials including copper and carbon, was simulated using an energy deposition code, FLUKA and a two-dimensional hydrodynamic code, BIG2, iteratively. These studies showed that the penetration depth of the entire beam comprised of 2808 proton bunches significantly increases due to a phenomenon named hydrodynamic tunneling of the protons and the shower. For example, the static range of a single 7 TeV proton and its shower is about 1 m in solid copper, but the full LHC beam will penetrate up to about 35 m in the target, if the hydrodynamic effects were included. Due to the potential implications of this result on the machine protection considerations, it was decided to have an experimental verification of the hydrodynamic tunneling effect. For this purpose, experiments were carried out at the CERN HiRadMat (High Radiation to Materials) facility in which extended solid copper cylindrical targets were irradiated with the 440 GeV proton beam generated by the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). Simulations of beam-target heating considering the same beam parameters that were used in the experiments, were also performed. These experiments not only confirmed the existence of the hydrodynamic tunneling, but the experimental measurements showed very good agreement with the experimental results as well. This provided confidence in the work on LHC related beam-matter heating simulations. Currently, a design study is being carried out by the international community (with CERN taking the leading role) for a post LHC collider named, the Future Circular Collider (FCC) which will accelerate two counter rotating proton beams up to a particle energy of 50 TeV. Simulations of the full impact of one FCC beam comprised of 10,600 proton bunches with a solid copper target have also been done. These simulations have shown that although the static range of a single 50 TeV proton and its shower in solid copper is around 1.8 m, the entire beam will penetrate up to about 350 m in the target. Feasibility studies of developing a water beam dump for the FCC have also been carried out. A review of this work and its implications on machine protection system are presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 129681346 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Review of hydrodynamic tunneling issues in high power particle accelerators. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tahir%2C+N%2EA%2E%22">Tahir, N.A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> n.tahir@gsi.de</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Burkart%2C+F%2E%22">Burkart, F.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schmidt%2C+R%2E%22">Schmidt, R.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shutov%2C+A%2E%22">Shutov, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Piriz%2C+A%2ER%2E%22">Piriz, A.R.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nuclear+Instruments+%26+Methods+in+Physics+Research+Section+B%22">Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B</searchLink>. Jul2018, Vol. 427, p70-86. 17p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrodynamics%22">Hydrodynamics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tunnels%22">Tunnels</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Particle+acceleration%22">Particle acceleration</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Large+Hadron+Collider%22">Large Hadron Collider</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Copper%22">Copper</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Full impact of one Large Hadron Collider (LHC) 7 TeV proton beam on solid targets made of different materials including copper and carbon, was simulated using an energy deposition code, FLUKA and a two-dimensional hydrodynamic code, BIG2, iteratively. These studies showed that the penetration depth of the entire beam comprised of 2808 proton bunches significantly increases due to a phenomenon named hydrodynamic tunneling of the protons and the shower. For example, the static range of a single 7 TeV proton and its shower is about 1 m in solid copper, but the full LHC beam will penetrate up to about 35 m in the target, if the hydrodynamic effects were included. Due to the potential implications of this result on the machine protection considerations, it was decided to have an experimental verification of the hydrodynamic tunneling effect. For this purpose, experiments were carried out at the CERN HiRadMat (High Radiation to Materials) facility in which extended solid copper cylindrical targets were irradiated with the 440 GeV proton beam generated by the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). Simulations of beam-target heating considering the same beam parameters that were used in the experiments, were also performed. These experiments not only confirmed the existence of the hydrodynamic tunneling, but the experimental measurements showed very good agreement with the experimental results as well. This provided confidence in the work on LHC related beam-matter heating simulations. Currently, a design study is being carried out by the international community (with CERN taking the leading role) for a post LHC collider named, the Future Circular Collider (FCC) which will accelerate two counter rotating proton beams up to a particle energy of 50 TeV. Simulations of the full impact of one FCC beam comprised of 10,600 proton bunches with a solid copper target have also been done. These simulations have shown that although the static range of a single 50 TeV proton and its shower in solid copper is around 1.8 m, the entire beam will penetrate up to about 350 m in the target. Feasibility studies of developing a water beam dump for the FCC have also been carried out. A review of this work and its implications on machine protection system are presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1016/j.nimb.2018.04.009 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 17 StartPage: 70 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Hydrodynamics Type: general – SubjectFull: Tunnels Type: general – SubjectFull: Particle acceleration Type: general – SubjectFull: Large Hadron Collider Type: general – SubjectFull: Copper Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Review of hydrodynamic tunneling issues in high power particle accelerators. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Tahir, N.A. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Burkart, F. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Schmidt, R. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Shutov, A. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Piriz, A.R. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 15 M: 07 Text: Jul2018 Type: published Y: 2018 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 0168583X Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 427 Titles: – TitleFull: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B Type: main |
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