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Assessment of bias errors caused by texture and sampling methods in diffraction‐based steel phase measurements.

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Title: Assessment of bias errors caused by texture and sampling methods in diffraction‐based steel phase measurements.
Authors: Creuziger, Adam1 adam.creuziger@nist.gov, Calhoun, Christopher A.1, Poling, Whitney A.1, Gnäupel-Herold, Thomas2
Source: Journal of Applied Crystallography. Jun2018, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p720-731. 11p.
Subjects: Sampling methods, Austenite, Phase separation, Ionizing radiation, Aluminum alloys, X-ray diffraction
Abstract: Many advanced high‐strength steels rely on a metastable austenite phase for improvements in strength and formability. To date, no method has demonstrated the ability to provide accurate austenite phase fraction measurements in textured steels. Several techniques have been proposed, such as averaging the intensity of several peaks and/or summation of intensity from several sample orientations. The series of numerical experiments performed in this work sought to quantify the effects of texture on the measurement of the austenite phase fraction, with an emphasis on techniques suitable for laboratory X‐ray diffraction. Simulated diffraction profiles were created with the following variables: texture components for the ferrite and austenite phases, the sharpness of each of the texture components, the number of peaks used for averaging in the phase fraction calculation, and the sampling scheme used for sample orientation summation in the phase fraction calculation. The resulting phase fraction calculations showed that texture, the number of peak pairs and the sampling method have a drastic effect on phase fraction measurements, causing significant bias errors. Hexagonal grids produced minimal bias errors and demonstrated a robust method of measuring phase fractions in textured materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Applied Crystallography is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 130000776
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Assessment of bias errors caused by texture and sampling methods in diffraction‐based steel phase measurements.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Applied+Crystallography%22">Journal of Applied Crystallography</searchLink>. Jun2018, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p720-731. 11p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sampling+methods%22">Sampling methods</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Austenite%22">Austenite</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phase+separation%22">Phase separation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ionizing+radiation%22">Ionizing radiation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Aluminum+alloys%22">Aluminum alloys</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22X-ray+diffraction%22">X-ray diffraction</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Many advanced high‐strength steels rely on a metastable austenite phase for improvements in strength and formability. To date, no method has demonstrated the ability to provide accurate austenite phase fraction measurements in textured steels. Several techniques have been proposed, such as averaging the intensity of several peaks and/or summation of intensity from several sample orientations. The series of numerical experiments performed in this work sought to quantify the effects of texture on the measurement of the austenite phase fraction, with an emphasis on techniques suitable for laboratory X‐ray diffraction. Simulated diffraction profiles were created with the following variables: texture components for the ferrite and austenite phases, the sharpness of each of the texture components, the number of peaks used for averaging in the phase fraction calculation, and the sampling scheme used for sample orientation summation in the phase fraction calculation. The resulting phase fraction calculations showed that texture, the number of peak pairs and the sampling method have a drastic effect on phase fraction measurements, causing significant bias errors. Hexagonal grids produced minimal bias errors and demonstrated a robust method of measuring phase fractions in textured materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Applied Crystallography is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1107/S160057671800420X
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 720
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Sampling methods
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Austenite
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Phase separation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ionizing radiation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Aluminum alloys
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: X-ray diffraction
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Assessment of bias errors caused by texture and sampling methods in diffraction‐based steel phase measurements.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Creuziger, Adam
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            NameFull: Calhoun, Christopher A.
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            NameFull: Poling, Whitney A.
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            NameFull: Gnäupel-Herold, Thomas
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2018
              Type: published
              Y: 2018
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              Value: 51
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            – TitleFull: Journal of Applied Crystallography
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