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Technical Note: An approach to building a Monte Carlo simulation model for a double scattering proton beam system.

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Title: Technical Note: An approach to building a Monte Carlo simulation model for a double scattering proton beam system.
Authors: Yuan, Jiankui1 jiankui.yuan@uhhospitals.org, Ellis, Rodney1, Machtay, Mitchell1
Source: Medical Physics. Jun2018, Vol. 45 Issue 6, p2660-2666. 7p.
Subjects: Virtual machine systems, Proton beams, Monte Carlo method, Nozzles, Proton therapy
Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate and develop a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation model for a passive double scattering compact proton therapy system based on limited information of the mechanical components. Method: We built a virtual machine source model (VMSM) which included a detailed definition of each beam‐modifying component in the nozzle. Conceptually, it is similar to the conventional virtual analytical source model (VASM), except that the numerical machine nozzle or beamline is constructed in the VMSM, whereas in the VASM analytical parameters characterizing the energy spectrum and source fluence distribution are sought. All major beam shaping components were included in the VMSM and the model simulates interactions of the beam with a rotating range modulation wheel (RMW) combined with the beam current modulation. The RMWs, the first and second scatterer in the system were generated and tuned to reproduce measurement data as closely as possible. To validate the model, we compared the percent depth dose curves, spread out Bragg peaks (SOBPs) and lateral profiles against measured commissioning beam data. Results: The agreement of beam range between the MC calculation and measurement was within 1 mm for all beam options. The distal‐falloff length was in good agreement as well (<1 mm for the large and deep groups, <1.5 mm for the small group). Agreement to within 2.5 mm of measured SOBP widths was obtained for all MC calculations. For lateral profiles, differences were found to be less than 2 mm. Conclusions: We demonstrated that with limited geometrical information it is possible to build an acceptable source model for MC simulations of a passive double scattering compact proton therapy system. The agreement between the measurements and the MC model provides validation for use of the model for further studies of the dosimetric effects in patient treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Medical Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Technical Note: An approach to building a Monte Carlo simulation model for a double scattering proton beam system.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Yuan%2C+Jiankui%22&quot;&gt;Yuan, Jiankui&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;i&gt; jiankui.yuan@uhhospitals.org&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Ellis%2C+Rodney%22&quot;&gt;Ellis, Rodney&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Machtay%2C+Mitchell%22&quot;&gt;Machtay, Mitchell&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt;
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Medical+Physics%22&quot;&gt;Medical Physics&lt;/searchLink&gt;. Jun2018, Vol. 45 Issue 6, p2660-2666. 7p.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Virtual+machine+systems%22&quot;&gt;Virtual machine systems&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Proton+beams%22&quot;&gt;Proton beams&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Monte+Carlo+method%22&quot;&gt;Monte Carlo method&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Nozzles%22&quot;&gt;Nozzles&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Proton+therapy%22&quot;&gt;Proton therapy&lt;/searchLink&gt;
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  Data: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate and develop a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation model for a passive double scattering compact proton therapy system based on limited information of the mechanical components. Method: We built a virtual machine source model (VMSM) which included a detailed definition of each beam‐modifying component in the nozzle. Conceptually, it is similar to the conventional virtual analytical source model (VASM), except that the numerical machine nozzle or beamline is constructed in the VMSM, whereas in the VASM analytical parameters characterizing the energy spectrum and source fluence distribution are sought. All major beam shaping components were included in the VMSM and the model simulates interactions of the beam with a rotating range modulation wheel (RMW) combined with the beam current modulation. The RMWs, the first and second scatterer in the system were generated and tuned to reproduce measurement data as closely as possible. To validate the model, we compared the percent depth dose curves, spread out Bragg peaks (SOBPs) and lateral profiles against measured commissioning beam data. Results: The agreement of beam range between the MC calculation and measurement was within 1 mm for all beam options. The distal‐falloff length was in good agreement as well (&lt;1 mm for the large and deep groups, &lt;1.5 mm for the small group). Agreement to within 2.5 mm of measured SOBP widths was obtained for all MC calculations. For lateral profiles, differences were found to be less than 2 mm. Conclusions: We demonstrated that with limited geometrical information it is possible to build an acceptable source model for MC simulations of a passive double scattering compact proton therapy system. The agreement between the measurements and the MC model provides validation for use of the model for further studies of the dosimetric effects in patient treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Medical Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1002/mp.12895
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 7
        StartPage: 2660
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Virtual machine systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Proton beams
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Monte Carlo method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nozzles
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Proton therapy
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Technical Note: An approach to building a Monte Carlo simulation model for a double scattering proton beam system.
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Yuan, Jiankui
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            NameFull: Ellis, Rodney
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            NameFull: Machtay, Mitchell
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2018
              Type: published
              Y: 2018
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              Value: 45
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            – TitleFull: Medical Physics
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