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The dissolution behavior of biogenic calcites in seawater and a possible role for magnesium and organic carbon.

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Title: The dissolution behavior of biogenic calcites in seawater and a possible role for magnesium and organic carbon.
Authors: Subhas, Adam V.1 asubhas@whoi.edu, Rollins, Nick E.1, Berelson, William M.1, Erez, Jonathan1, Ziveri, Patrizia1, Langer, Gerald1, Adkins, Jess F.1
Source: Marine Chemistry. Sep2018, Vol. 205, p100-112. 13p.
Subjects: Dissolution (Chemistry), Carbon content of seawater, Magnesium, Coccolithophores, Carbon content of water, Reaction mechanisms (Chemistry)
Abstract: Abstract We present the dissolution kinetics of mixed planktic foraminifera, the benthic foraminifera Amphistegina , the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi , and the soft coral Rhythismia fulvum in seawater. Dissolution rates were measured across a large range of saturation states (Ω = 0.99–0.2) by dissolving 13C-labeled calcites in natural seawater undersaturated with respect to calcite. 13C-label was incorporated into biogenic calcite by culturing marine calcifiers in 13C-labeled natural seawater. Net dissolution rates were calculated as the slope of seawater δ 13C versus time in a closed seawater-calcite system. All calcites show distinct, nonlinear, dependencies on seawater saturation state when normalized by mass or by specific surface area. For example, coccolith calcite dissolves at a similar rate to inorganic calcite near equilibrium when normalized by surface area, but dissolves much more slowly far from equilibrium. Mass loss from foraminiferal tests is correlated with a decrease in Mg/Ca of the solid, indicating that Mg-rich phases are preferentially leached out at even mild undersaturations. Dissolution also appears to strongly affect test B/Ca. Finally, we provide an interpretation of surface area-normalized biogenic calcite dissolution rates as a function of their Mg and organic carbon content. Near-equilibrium dissolution rates of all calcites measured here show a strong, nonlinear dependence on Mg content. Far-from-equilibrium dissolution rates decrease strongly as a function of organic carbon content. These results help to build a framework for understanding the underlying mechanisms of rate differences between biogenic calcites, and bear important implications for the dissolution of high-Mg calcites in view of ocean acidification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Marine Chemistry is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: The dissolution behavior of biogenic calcites in seawater and a possible role for magnesium and organic carbon.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Subhas%2C+Adam+V%2E%22">Subhas, Adam V.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> asubhas@whoi.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rollins%2C+Nick+E%2E%22">Rollins, Nick E.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Berelson%2C+William+M%2E%22">Berelson, William M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Erez%2C+Jonathan%22">Erez, Jonathan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ziveri%2C+Patrizia%22">Ziveri, Patrizia</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Langer%2C+Gerald%22">Langer, Gerald</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Adkins%2C+Jess+F%2E%22">Adkins, Jess F.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Marine+Chemistry%22">Marine Chemistry</searchLink>. Sep2018, Vol. 205, p100-112. 13p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dissolution+%28Chemistry%29%22">Dissolution (Chemistry)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbon+content+of+seawater%22">Carbon content of seawater</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnesium%22">Magnesium</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Coccolithophores%22">Coccolithophores</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbon+content+of+water%22">Carbon content of water</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reaction+mechanisms+%28Chemistry%29%22">Reaction mechanisms (Chemistry)</searchLink>
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  Data: Abstract We present the dissolution kinetics of mixed planktic foraminifera, the benthic foraminifera Amphistegina , the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi , and the soft coral Rhythismia fulvum in seawater. Dissolution rates were measured across a large range of saturation states (Ω = 0.99–0.2) by dissolving 13C-labeled calcites in natural seawater undersaturated with respect to calcite. 13C-label was incorporated into biogenic calcite by culturing marine calcifiers in 13C-labeled natural seawater. Net dissolution rates were calculated as the slope of seawater δ 13C versus time in a closed seawater-calcite system. All calcites show distinct, nonlinear, dependencies on seawater saturation state when normalized by mass or by specific surface area. For example, coccolith calcite dissolves at a similar rate to inorganic calcite near equilibrium when normalized by surface area, but dissolves much more slowly far from equilibrium. Mass loss from foraminiferal tests is correlated with a decrease in Mg/Ca of the solid, indicating that Mg-rich phases are preferentially leached out at even mild undersaturations. Dissolution also appears to strongly affect test B/Ca. Finally, we provide an interpretation of surface area-normalized biogenic calcite dissolution rates as a function of their Mg and organic carbon content. Near-equilibrium dissolution rates of all calcites measured here show a strong, nonlinear dependence on Mg content. Far-from-equilibrium dissolution rates decrease strongly as a function of organic carbon content. These results help to build a framework for understanding the underlying mechanisms of rate differences between biogenic calcites, and bear important implications for the dissolution of high-Mg calcites in view of ocean acidification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Marine Chemistry is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.marchem.2018.08.001
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 13
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      – SubjectFull: Dissolution (Chemistry)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Carbon content of seawater
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Magnesium
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Coccolithophores
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Carbon content of water
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Reaction mechanisms (Chemistry)
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: The dissolution behavior of biogenic calcites in seawater and a possible role for magnesium and organic carbon.
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              M: 09
              Text: Sep2018
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              Y: 2018
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