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Exospheric escape: A parametrical study.

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Title: Exospheric escape: A parametrical study.
Authors: Killen, Rosemary M.1 rosemary.killen@nasa.gov, Burger, Matthew H.1, Farrell, William M.1
Source: Advances in Space Research. Oct2018, Vol. 62 Issue 8, p2364-2371. 8p.
Subjects: Exosphere, Interplanetary medium, Solar radiation, Mercury (Element), Asteroids
Abstract: Highlights • We show the immediate fractional escape for species of mass <50 AMU at primary bodies <10,000 km in radius. • We compare escape fractions of volatiles escaping via two different sputter functions. • We present specific studies for Ceres, the Moon and Mercury. Abstract The study of exospheres can help us understand the long-term loss of volatiles from planetary bodies due to interactions of planets, satellites, and small bodies with the interplanetary medium, solar radiation, and internal forces including diffusion and outgassing. Recent evidence for water and OH on the Moon has spurred interest in processes involving chemistry and sequestration of volatile species at the poles and in voids. In recent years, NASA has sent spacecraft to asteroids including Vesta and Ceres, and ESA sent Rosetta to comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko and the asteroids Lutetia and Steins. Japan's Hayabusa spacecraft returned a sample from asteroid Itakowa, and OSIRIS-REX will return a sample from a primitive asteroid, Bennu, to Earth. In a surface-bounded exosphere, the gases are derived from the surface and thus reflect the composition of the body's regolith, although not in a one-to-one ratio. Observation of an escaping exosphere, termed a corona, is challenging. We have therefore embarked on a parametrical study of exospheres as a function of mass of the exospheric species, mass of the primary body and source velocity distribution, specifically thermal (Maxwell-Boltzmann) and sputtering. The goal is to provide a quick look to determine under what conditions and for what mass of the primary body the species of interest are expected to be bound or escaping and to quickly estimate the observability of exospheric species. This work does not provide a comprehensive model but rather serves as a starting point for further study. These parameters will be useful for mission planning as well as for students beginning a study of planetary exospheres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Killen%2C+Rosemary+M%2E%22&quot;&gt;Killen, Rosemary M.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;i&gt; rosemary.killen@nasa.gov&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Burger%2C+Matthew+H%2E%22&quot;&gt;Burger, Matthew H.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Farrell%2C+William+M%2E%22&quot;&gt;Farrell, William M.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt;
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Advances+in+Space+Research%22&quot;&gt;Advances in Space Research&lt;/searchLink&gt;. Oct2018, Vol. 62 Issue 8, p2364-2371. 8p.
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  Data: Highlights • We show the immediate fractional escape for species of mass &lt;50 AMU at primary bodies &lt;10,000 km in radius. • We compare escape fractions of volatiles escaping via two different sputter functions. • We present specific studies for Ceres, the Moon and Mercury. Abstract The study of exospheres can help us understand the long-term loss of volatiles from planetary bodies due to interactions of planets, satellites, and small bodies with the interplanetary medium, solar radiation, and internal forces including diffusion and outgassing. Recent evidence for water and OH on the Moon has spurred interest in processes involving chemistry and sequestration of volatile species at the poles and in voids. In recent years, NASA has sent spacecraft to asteroids including Vesta and Ceres, and ESA sent Rosetta to comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko and the asteroids Lutetia and Steins. Japan&#39;s Hayabusa spacecraft returned a sample from asteroid Itakowa, and OSIRIS-REX will return a sample from a primitive asteroid, Bennu, to Earth. In a surface-bounded exosphere, the gases are derived from the surface and thus reflect the composition of the body&#39;s regolith, although not in a one-to-one ratio. Observation of an escaping exosphere, termed a corona, is challenging. We have therefore embarked on a parametrical study of exospheres as a function of mass of the exospheric species, mass of the primary body and source velocity distribution, specifically thermal (Maxwell-Boltzmann) and sputtering. The goal is to provide a quick look to determine under what conditions and for what mass of the primary body the species of interest are expected to be bound or escaping and to quickly estimate the observability of exospheric species. This work does not provide a comprehensive model but rather serves as a starting point for further study. These parameters will be useful for mission planning as well as for students beginning a study of planetary exospheres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.asr.2017.06.015
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 8
        StartPage: 2364
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Exosphere
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interplanetary medium
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Solar radiation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mercury (Element)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Asteroids
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Exospheric escape: A parametrical study.
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            NameFull: Killen, Rosemary M.
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            NameFull: Burger, Matthew H.
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            NameFull: Farrell, William M.
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              Text: Oct2018
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              Y: 2018
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              Value: 62
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