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Sub‐microsecond‐resolved multi‐speckle X‐ray photon correlation spectroscopy with a pixel array detector.

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Title: Sub‐microsecond‐resolved multi‐speckle X‐ray photon correlation spectroscopy with a pixel array detector.
Authors: Zhang, Qingteng1, Dufresne, Eric M.1, Narayanan, Suresh1, Maj, Piotr2, Koziol, Anna2, Szczygiel, Robert2, Grybos, Pawel2, Sutton, Mark3, Sandy, Alec R.1 asandy@anl.gov
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation. Sep2018, Vol. 25 Issue 5, p1408-1416. 8p.
Subjects: Light beating spectroscopy, Infrared array detectors, Silica gel, Temperature effect, Photon counting
Abstract: Small‐angle X‐ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) measurements spanning delay times from 826 ns to 52.8 s were performed using a photon‐counting pixel array detector with a dynamic range of 0–3 (2 bits). Fine resolution and a wide dynamic range of time scales was achieved by combining two modes of operation of the detector: (i) continuous mode, where data acquisition and data readout are performed in parallel with a frame acquisition time of 19.36 µs, and (ii) burst mode, where 12 frames are acquired with frame integration times of either 2.56 µs frame−1 or 826 ns frame−1 followed by 3.49 ms or 1.16 ms, respectively, for readout. The applicability of the detector for performing multi‐speckle XPCS was demonstrated by measuring the Brownian dynamics of 10 nm‐radius gold and 57 nm‐radius silica colloids in water at room temperature. In addition, the capability of the detector to faithfully record one‐ and two‐photon counts was examined by comparing the statistical distribution of photon counts with expected probabilities from the negative binomial distribution. It was found that in burst mode the ratio of 2 s to 1 s is markedly smaller than predicted and that this is attributable to pixel‐response dead‐time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Synchrotron Radiation is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Sub‐microsecond‐resolved multi‐speckle X‐ray photon correlation spectroscopy with a pixel array detector.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Qingteng%22">Zhang, Qingteng</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dufresne%2C+Eric+M%2E%22">Dufresne, Eric M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Narayanan%2C+Suresh%22">Narayanan, Suresh</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Maj%2C+Piotr%22">Maj, Piotr</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Koziol%2C+Anna%22">Koziol, Anna</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Szczygiel%2C+Robert%22">Szczygiel, Robert</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Grybos%2C+Pawel%22">Grybos, Pawel</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sutton%2C+Mark%22">Sutton, Mark</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sandy%2C+Alec+R%2E%22">Sandy, Alec R.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> asandy@anl.gov</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Synchrotron+Radiation%22">Journal of Synchrotron Radiation</searchLink>. Sep2018, Vol. 25 Issue 5, p1408-1416. 8p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Light+beating+spectroscopy%22">Light beating spectroscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Infrared+array+detectors%22">Infrared array detectors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Silica+gel%22">Silica gel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Temperature+effect%22">Temperature effect</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Photon+counting%22">Photon counting</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Small‐angle X‐ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) measurements spanning delay times from 826 ns to 52.8 s were performed using a photon‐counting pixel array detector with a dynamic range of 0–3 (2 bits). Fine resolution and a wide dynamic range of time scales was achieved by combining two modes of operation of the detector: (i) continuous mode, where data acquisition and data readout are performed in parallel with a frame acquisition time of 19.36 µs, and (ii) burst mode, where 12 frames are acquired with frame integration times of either 2.56 µs frame−1 or 826 ns frame−1 followed by 3.49 ms or 1.16 ms, respectively, for readout. The applicability of the detector for performing multi‐speckle XPCS was demonstrated by measuring the Brownian dynamics of 10 nm‐radius gold and 57 nm‐radius silica colloids in water at room temperature. In addition, the capability of the detector to faithfully record one‐ and two‐photon counts was examined by comparing the statistical distribution of photon counts with expected probabilities from the negative binomial distribution. It was found that in burst mode the ratio of 2 s to 1 s is markedly smaller than predicted and that this is attributable to pixel‐response dead‐time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Synchrotron Radiation is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1107/S1600577518009074
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      – SubjectFull: Light beating spectroscopy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Infrared array detectors
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      – SubjectFull: Silica gel
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      – SubjectFull: Temperature effect
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      – SubjectFull: Photon counting
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      – TitleFull: Sub‐microsecond‐resolved multi‐speckle X‐ray photon correlation spectroscopy with a pixel array detector.
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              M: 09
              Text: Sep2018
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