Estimation of geometric route distance from its topological distance: application to narrow road networks in Tokyo.
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| Title: | Estimation of geometric route distance from its topological distance: application to narrow road networks in Tokyo. |
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| Authors: | Usui, Hiroyuki1 usui@ua.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp |
| Source: | Journal of Geographical Systems. Oct2018, Vol. 20 Issue 4, p387-412. 26p. 1 Color Photograph, 7 Charts, 10 Graphs. |
| Subjects: | Distance geometry, Roads, Geometric analysis, Planar graphs, Fire hose |
| Geographic Terms: | Japan |
| Abstract: | The structure of road networks has been investigated in accordance with the development of GIScience. By classifying road networks into wide and narrow ones, we can define the route as the path from the route’s origin (also called the root) on a wide road network to a narrow road segment which consists of the sequence of narrow road segments arranged by ascending order of the number of steps of adjacency to its root. The length of the route can be defined with the following geometric and topological terms: the route distance, measuring the length along the route and the depth, counting the number of road segments on the route. The depth plays the important role of being a substitute for the route distance in modelling road networks as a planar graph. Since road networks clearly exhibit irregular patterns and road segment lengths are non-uniform, it is considered appropriate to adopt a stochastic approach rather than a deterministic one to analyse the route distance. However, the relationship between the route distance and its depth has not been sufficiently investigated stochastically. Therefore, the research question is how can we estimate the route distance from its depth? Based on an empirical study in the Tokyo metropolitan region, it was found that (1) the statistical distribution of the route distance can be formulated as an Erlang distribution whose parameters are its depth and the inverse of the mean length of narrow road segments, and (2) this length is constant and close to 40 m. Therefore, we can estimate the route distance from only one parameter, the depth. Also, as a practical application, accessibility to the kth depth link in terms of firefighting was evaluated because the maximum length of the extension of fire hoses is approximately 200 m. It was found that (1) even if k ≤ 5, the probability that the route distance to the kth depth link is equal to or longer than 200 m ranges from 0 to 0.45; and (2) if k ≥ 8, the probability is approximately 1. These indicate the limitation of the deterministic approach because, on the basis of complete grid patterns (with intervals of 40 m between intersections), k = 5 corresponds to a distance of 200 m from wide road networks and the route to the 5th depth link can be covered with fire hoses. Moreover, it was found that the connectivity of wide road networks is higher than that of narrow ones in terms of the smaller ratio of cul-de-sacs and the larger ratio of four-way intersections. These answers contribute substantially not only to constructing a science of cities that provides a simple model and specifies the most important parameter, but also to our understanding of the structure of narrow road networks within several hundred metres of wide road networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Journal of Geographical Systems is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 132272883 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Estimation of geometric route distance from its topological distance: application to narrow road networks in Tokyo. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Usui%2C+Hiroyuki%22">Usui, Hiroyuki</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> usui@ua.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Geographical+Systems%22">Journal of Geographical Systems</searchLink>. Oct2018, Vol. 20 Issue 4, p387-412. 26p. 1 Color Photograph, 7 Charts, 10 Graphs. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Distance+geometry%22">Distance geometry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Roads%22">Roads</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Geometric+analysis%22">Geometric analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Planar+graphs%22">Planar graphs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fire+hose%22">Fire hose</searchLink> – Name: SubjectGeographic Label: Geographic Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Japan%22">Japan</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: The structure of road networks has been investigated in accordance with the development of GIScience. By classifying road networks into wide and narrow ones, we can define the route as the path from the route’s origin (also called the root) on a wide road network to a narrow road segment which consists of the sequence of narrow road segments arranged by ascending order of the number of steps of adjacency to its root. The length of the route can be defined with the following geometric and topological terms: the route distance, measuring the length along the route and the depth, counting the number of road segments on the route. The depth plays the important role of being a substitute for the route distance in modelling road networks as a planar graph. Since road networks clearly exhibit irregular patterns and road segment lengths are non-uniform, it is considered appropriate to adopt a stochastic approach rather than a deterministic one to analyse the route distance. However, the relationship between the route distance and its depth has not been sufficiently investigated stochastically. Therefore, the research question is how can we estimate the route distance from its depth? Based on an empirical study in the Tokyo metropolitan region, it was found that (1) the statistical distribution of the route distance can be formulated as an Erlang distribution whose parameters are its depth and the inverse of the mean length of narrow road segments, and (2) this length is constant and close to 40 m. Therefore, we can estimate the route distance from only one parameter, the depth. Also, as a practical application, accessibility to the kth depth link in terms of firefighting was evaluated because the maximum length of the extension of fire hoses is approximately 200 m. It was found that (1) even if k ≤ 5, the probability that the route distance to the kth depth link is equal to or longer than 200 m ranges from 0 to 0.45; and (2) if k ≥ 8, the probability is approximately 1. These indicate the limitation of the deterministic approach because, on the basis of complete grid patterns (with intervals of 40 m between intersections), k = 5 corresponds to a distance of 200 m from wide road networks and the route to the 5th depth link can be covered with fire hoses. Moreover, it was found that the connectivity of wide road networks is higher than that of narrow ones in terms of the smaller ratio of cul-de-sacs and the larger ratio of four-way intersections. These answers contribute substantially not only to constructing a science of cities that provides a simple model and specifies the most important parameter, but also to our understanding of the structure of narrow road networks within several hundred metres of wide road networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Geographical Systems is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s10109-018-0276-3 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 26 StartPage: 387 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Distance geometry Type: general – SubjectFull: Roads Type: general – SubjectFull: Geometric analysis Type: general – SubjectFull: Planar graphs Type: general – SubjectFull: Fire hose Type: general – SubjectFull: Japan Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Estimation of geometric route distance from its topological distance: application to narrow road networks in Tokyo. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Usui, Hiroyuki IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 10 Text: Oct2018 Type: published Y: 2018 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 14355930 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 20 – Type: issue Value: 4 Titles: – TitleFull: Journal of Geographical Systems Type: main |
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