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Incidence Angle Dependence of HH-Polarized C- and L-Band Wintertime Backscatter Over Arctic Sea Ice.

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Title: Incidence Angle Dependence of HH-Polarized C- and L-Band Wintertime Backscatter Over Arctic Sea Ice.
Authors: Mahmud, Mallik S., Geldsetzer, Torsten, Howell, Stephen E. L., Yackel, John J., Nandan, Vishnu, Scharien, Randall K.
Source: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing. Nov2018, Vol. 56 Issue 11, p6686-6698. 13p.
Subjects: Synthetic aperture radar, Backscattering, Sea ice, Regression analysis, Standard deviations
Abstract: Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) incidence angle has a significant effect on the microwave backscatter from sea ice. This paper investigates the incidence angle dependence of C- and L-band HH-polarized microwave backscatter coefficient over Arctic first-year sea ice (FYI) and multiyear sea ice (MYI) in winter. Advanced Land Observation Satellite Phased Array type L-band SAR (L-band) and RADARSAT-2 (C-band) images are used to derive ice type-specific incidence angle dependencies calculated using linear regression models. For L-band, mean ice type-specific incidence angle dependencies for FYI and MYI are −0.21 and −0.30 dB/1°, respectively; and for C-band, they are −0.22 and −0.16 dB/1°, respectively. To validate our results, we calculated root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) by comparing the ice type-specific dependence from 2010 with individual dependencies from 2009 based on ice types and frequencies. The RMSD is found to be smaller than the standard deviation of ice type-specific dependencies for both frequencies. The RMSD values for the L-band incidence angle dependencies are 0.03 and 0.04 dB/1° for FYI and MYI, respectively. For C-band, the RMSD values for the FYI and MYI dependencies are 0.03 and 0.01 dB/1°, respectively. Subsequently, we demonstrate that after applying incidence angle normalization, the variability of C- and L-band SAR backscatter reduces and separability of ice types increase substantially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Incidence Angle Dependence of HH-Polarized C- and L-Band Wintertime Backscatter Over Arctic Sea Ice.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mahmud%2C+Mallik+S%2E%22">Mahmud, Mallik S.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Geldsetzer%2C+Torsten%22">Geldsetzer, Torsten</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Howell%2C+Stephen+E%2E+L%2E%22">Howell, Stephen E. L.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yackel%2C+John+J%2E%22">Yackel, John J.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nandan%2C+Vishnu%22">Nandan, Vishnu</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Scharien%2C+Randall+K%2E%22">Scharien, Randall K.</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22IEEE+Transactions+on+Geoscience+%26+Remote+Sensing%22">IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing</searchLink>. Nov2018, Vol. 56 Issue 11, p6686-6698. 13p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Synthetic+aperture+radar%22">Synthetic aperture radar</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Backscattering%22">Backscattering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sea+ice%22">Sea ice</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Regression+analysis%22">Regression analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Standard+deviations%22">Standard deviations</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) incidence angle has a significant effect on the microwave backscatter from sea ice. This paper investigates the incidence angle dependence of C- and L-band HH-polarized microwave backscatter coefficient over Arctic first-year sea ice (FYI) and multiyear sea ice (MYI) in winter. Advanced Land Observation Satellite Phased Array type L-band SAR (L-band) and RADARSAT-2 (C-band) images are used to derive ice type-specific incidence angle dependencies calculated using linear regression models. For L-band, mean ice type-specific incidence angle dependencies for FYI and MYI are −0.21 and −0.30 dB/1°, respectively; and for C-band, they are −0.22 and −0.16 dB/1°, respectively. To validate our results, we calculated root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) by comparing the ice type-specific dependence from 2010 with individual dependencies from 2009 based on ice types and frequencies. The RMSD is found to be smaller than the standard deviation of ice type-specific dependencies for both frequencies. The RMSD values for the L-band incidence angle dependencies are 0.03 and 0.04 dB/1° for FYI and MYI, respectively. For C-band, the RMSD values for the FYI and MYI dependencies are 0.03 and 0.01 dB/1°, respectively. Subsequently, we demonstrate that after applying incidence angle normalization, the variability of C- and L-band SAR backscatter reduces and separability of ice types increase substantially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – TitleFull: Incidence Angle Dependence of HH-Polarized C- and L-Band Wintertime Backscatter Over Arctic Sea Ice.
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              Text: Nov2018
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