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Persistence of false paradigms in low-power sciences.

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Title: Persistence of false paradigms in low-power sciences.
Authors: Akerlof, George A.1, Michaillat, Pascal2
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 12/26/2018, Vol. 115 Issue 52, p13228-13233. 6p.
Subjects: Paradigms (Social sciences), Statistical power analysis, Homophily theory (Communication), Reality, Scientists' attitudes, Academic tenure, Prejudices, Paradigm (Theory of knowledge)
Abstract: We develop a model describing how false paradigms may persist, hindering scientific progress. The model features two paradigms, one describing reality better than the other. Tenured scientists display homophily: They favor tenure candidates who adhere to their paradigm. As in statistics, power is the probability (absent any bias) of denying tenure to scientists adhering to the false paradigm. The model shows that because of homophily, when power is low, the false paradigm may prevail. Then, only an increase in power can ignite convergence to the true paradigm. Historical case studies suggest that low power comes either from lack of empirical evidence or from reluctance to base tenure decisions on available evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Paradigms+%28Social+sciences%29%22">Paradigms (Social sciences)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistical+power+analysis%22">Statistical power analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Homophily+theory+%28Communication%29%22">Homophily theory (Communication)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reality%22">Reality</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Scientists'+attitudes%22">Scientists' attitudes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Academic+tenure%22">Academic tenure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Prejudices%22">Prejudices</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Paradigm+%28Theory+of+knowledge%29%22">Paradigm (Theory of knowledge)</searchLink>
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  Data: We develop a model describing how false paradigms may persist, hindering scientific progress. The model features two paradigms, one describing reality better than the other. Tenured scientists display homophily: They favor tenure candidates who adhere to their paradigm. As in statistics, power is the probability (absent any bias) of denying tenure to scientists adhering to the false paradigm. The model shows that because of homophily, when power is low, the false paradigm may prevail. Then, only an increase in power can ignite convergence to the true paradigm. Historical case studies suggest that low power comes either from lack of empirical evidence or from reluctance to base tenure decisions on available evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1073/pnas.1816454115
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      – SubjectFull: Statistical power analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Homophily theory (Communication)
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      – SubjectFull: Prejudices
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      – SubjectFull: Paradigm (Theory of knowledge)
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              Text: 12/26/2018
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