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An evaluation and implementation of the regional coupled ice-ocean model of the Baltic Sea.

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Title: An evaluation and implementation of the regional coupled ice-ocean model of the Baltic Sea.
Authors: Jakacki, Jaromir1 jjakacki@iopan.pl, Meler, Sebastian1
Source: Ocean Dynamics. Jan2019, Vol. 69 Issue 1, p1-19. 19p.
Subjects: Sea ice, Mathematical models of hydrodynamics, Synthetic aperture radar, Oceanography
Geographic Terms: Baltic Sea
Abstract: A three-dimensional, regional coupled ice-ocean model based on the open-source Community Earth System Model has been developed and implemented for the Baltic Sea. The model consists of 66 vertical levels and has a horizontal resolution of approx. 2.3 km. The paper focuses on sea ice component results, but the main changes have been introduced in the ocean part of the coupled model. The hydrodynamic part, being one of the most important components, has been also presented and validated. The ice model results were validated against the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and satellite data, and the method of validation based on probability was introduced. In the last two decades, satellite and model results show an increase in the ice extent over the whole Baltic Sea, which is an evidence of a negative trend in air temperature in recent decades and increasing of winter discharge from the catchment area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ocean Dynamics is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sea+ice%22">Sea ice</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mathematical+models+of+hydrodynamics%22">Mathematical models of hydrodynamics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Synthetic+aperture+radar%22">Synthetic aperture radar</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Oceanography%22">Oceanography</searchLink>
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  Data: A three-dimensional, regional coupled ice-ocean model based on the open-source Community Earth System Model has been developed and implemented for the Baltic Sea. The model consists of 66 vertical levels and has a horizontal resolution of approx. 2.3 km. The paper focuses on sea ice component results, but the main changes have been introduced in the ocean part of the coupled model. The hydrodynamic part, being one of the most important components, has been also presented and validated. The ice model results were validated against the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and satellite data, and the method of validation based on probability was introduced. In the last two decades, satellite and model results show an increase in the ice extent over the whole Baltic Sea, which is an evidence of a negative trend in air temperature in recent decades and increasing of winter discharge from the catchment area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Ocean Dynamics is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s10236-018-1219-8
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Sea ice
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mathematical models of hydrodynamics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Synthetic aperture radar
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Oceanography
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      – SubjectFull: Baltic Sea
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