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Pre-treatment of wastewater retentate to mitigate fouling on the pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) process.

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Title: Pre-treatment of wastewater retentate to mitigate fouling on the pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) process.
Authors: Yang, Tianshi1 (AUTHOR), Wan, Chun Feng1 (AUTHOR), Xiong, Jun Ying1 (AUTHOR), Chung, Tai-Shung1 (AUTHOR) chencts@nus.edu.sg
Source: Separation & Purification Technology. May2019, Vol. 215, p390-397. 8p.
Subjects: Osmosis, Power density, Brackish waters, Calcium ions, Reverse osmosis, Calcium phosphate
Abstract: Highlights • 1-in. UF, NF and LP-RO membrane modules were fabricated to pre-treat WWRe. • NF and LP-RO pre-treatments were effective to mitigate the scaling of PRO membranes. • Calcium and phosphate ions caused severe scaling inside PRO membranes. • Silica did not cause fouling in this PRO process. Abstract Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) has been widely investigated to harness the osmotic energy from salinity gradient. Seawater desalination brine (SWBr) and wastewater retentate (WWRe) are employed as the draw and feed solutions respectively due to a large salinity difference between them and reuse of wastewater, but the fouling caused by WWRe on PRO membranes is too severe. In order to mitigate fouling on PRO membranes, several pre-treatment methods, such as ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and low-pressure reverse osmosis (LP-RO), were adopted and compared in the current study. The filtrate from each pre-treatment method was used as the feed solution in the subsequent PRO tests. Results showed that without pre-treatment, the PRO process at 15 bar produced a power density of 2.92 W/m2 which was only 40% of its initial power density after a 6-h test. The UF pre-treatment was not helpful in fouling mitigation, but NF and LP-RO were effective to remove foulants and scalants. Using NF-filtrates, the PRO process could produce a stable power density of 7.3 W/m2. It was a 10.7% drop from the initial power density. Using LP-RO-filtrates, the PRO process could produce a stable power density of 8.4 W/m2, which was only a 7% drop from the initial power density. NF was recommended to be the optimal pre-treatment method in the future study because it had a higher permeability than LP-RO. The major foulants and scalants were also identified by analysing filtrate samples and fouled membranes. Calcium and phosphate ions formed hydroxyapatite which caused severe scaling inside the PRO membrane. Silica, however, might not cause fouling or scaling in this PRO process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Separation & Purification Technology is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Pre-treatment of wastewater retentate to mitigate fouling on the pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) process.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yang%2C+Tianshi%22">Yang, Tianshi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wan%2C+Chun+Feng%22">Wan, Chun Feng</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xiong%2C+Jun+Ying%22">Xiong, Jun Ying</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chung%2C+Tai-Shung%22">Chung, Tai-Shung</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> chencts@nus.edu.sg</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Separation+%26+Purification+Technology%22">Separation & Purification Technology</searchLink>. May2019, Vol. 215, p390-397. 8p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Osmosis%22">Osmosis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Power+density%22">Power density</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Brackish+waters%22">Brackish waters</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Calcium+ions%22">Calcium ions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reverse+osmosis%22">Reverse osmosis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Calcium+phosphate%22">Calcium phosphate</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Highlights • 1-in. UF, NF and LP-RO membrane modules were fabricated to pre-treat WWRe. • NF and LP-RO pre-treatments were effective to mitigate the scaling of PRO membranes. • Calcium and phosphate ions caused severe scaling inside PRO membranes. • Silica did not cause fouling in this PRO process. Abstract Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) has been widely investigated to harness the osmotic energy from salinity gradient. Seawater desalination brine (SWBr) and wastewater retentate (WWRe) are employed as the draw and feed solutions respectively due to a large salinity difference between them and reuse of wastewater, but the fouling caused by WWRe on PRO membranes is too severe. In order to mitigate fouling on PRO membranes, several pre-treatment methods, such as ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and low-pressure reverse osmosis (LP-RO), were adopted and compared in the current study. The filtrate from each pre-treatment method was used as the feed solution in the subsequent PRO tests. Results showed that without pre-treatment, the PRO process at 15 bar produced a power density of 2.92 W/m2 which was only 40% of its initial power density after a 6-h test. The UF pre-treatment was not helpful in fouling mitigation, but NF and LP-RO were effective to remove foulants and scalants. Using NF-filtrates, the PRO process could produce a stable power density of 7.3 W/m2. It was a 10.7% drop from the initial power density. Using LP-RO-filtrates, the PRO process could produce a stable power density of 8.4 W/m2, which was only a 7% drop from the initial power density. NF was recommended to be the optimal pre-treatment method in the future study because it had a higher permeability than LP-RO. The major foulants and scalants were also identified by analysing filtrate samples and fouled membranes. Calcium and phosphate ions formed hydroxyapatite which caused severe scaling inside the PRO membrane. Silica, however, might not cause fouling or scaling in this PRO process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Separation & Purification Technology is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.01.032
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 8
        StartPage: 390
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      – SubjectFull: Osmosis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Power density
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Brackish waters
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Calcium ions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Reverse osmosis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Calcium phosphate
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Pre-treatment of wastewater retentate to mitigate fouling on the pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) process.
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            NameFull: Yang, Tianshi
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            NameFull: Wan, Chun Feng
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            NameFull: Xiong, Jun Ying
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            NameFull: Chung, Tai-Shung
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            – D: 15
              M: 05
              Text: May2019
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              Y: 2019
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            – TitleFull: Separation & Purification Technology
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