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5th generation district heating and cooling systems: A review of existing cases in Europe.

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Title: 5th generation district heating and cooling systems: A review of existing cases in Europe.
Authors: Buffa, Simone1,2 simone.buffa@eurac.edu, Cozzini, Marco1, D'Antoni, Matteo1, Baratieri, Marco2, Fedrizzi, Roberto1
Source: Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews. Apr2019, Vol. 104, p504-522. 19p.
Subjects: Heating from central stations, Cooling systems, Energy consumption of buildings, Heat pumps
Geographic Terms: Europe
Abstract: Abstract This article investigates 40 thermal networks in operation in Europe that are able to cover both the heating and cooling demands of buildings by means of distributed heat pumps installed at the customer substations. The technology of thermal networks that work at a temperature close to the ground, can strongly contribute to the decarbonisation of the heating and cooling sector and furthermore exploit a multitude of low temperature heat sources. Nevertheless, the nomenclature used in literature shows that misinterpretations could easily result when comparing the different concepts of thermal networks that operate at a temperature level lower than traditional district heating. The scope of this work is to revise the definitions encountered and to introduce an unambiguous definition of Fifth-Generation District Heating and Cooling networks. A drawback-benefit analysis is presented to identify the pros and cons of such technology. The survey on the current networks shows that on average three Fifth-Generation District Heating and Cooling systems per year have entered the heating and cooling market in the last decade. Pioneer countries in such technology are Germany and Switzerland. For some networks, the assessed Linear Heating Power Demand Density results are lower than the feasibility threshold adopted in traditional district heating. High performances and low non-renewable primary energy factors are achieved in systems that exploit a very high share of renewable or urban excess heat sources. With respect to traditional district heating, the surveyed pumping energy consumptions result one order of magnitude higher, whereas the implemented control strategies can be completely different, leading the network temperature to float freely. Highlights • Different definitions of 5GDHC systems have been reviewed. • The key features of 40 5GDHC systems have been statistically analysed. • 5GDHC flexibility allows exploiting a multitude of local heat sources. • Existing 5GDHC networks are extended up to a district-scale achieving low primary energy factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
FullText Text:
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: 5th generation district heating and cooling systems: A review of existing cases in Europe.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Buffa%2C+Simone%22">Buffa, Simone</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><i> simone.buffa@eurac.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cozzini%2C+Marco%22">Cozzini, Marco</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22D'Antoni%2C+Matteo%22">D'Antoni, Matteo</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Baratieri%2C+Marco%22">Baratieri, Marco</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fedrizzi%2C+Roberto%22">Fedrizzi, Roberto</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heating+from+central+stations%22">Heating from central stations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cooling+systems%22">Cooling systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+consumption+of+buildings%22">Energy consumption of buildings</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heat+pumps%22">Heat pumps</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Europe%22">Europe</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Abstract This article investigates 40 thermal networks in operation in Europe that are able to cover both the heating and cooling demands of buildings by means of distributed heat pumps installed at the customer substations. The technology of thermal networks that work at a temperature close to the ground, can strongly contribute to the decarbonisation of the heating and cooling sector and furthermore exploit a multitude of low temperature heat sources. Nevertheless, the nomenclature used in literature shows that misinterpretations could easily result when comparing the different concepts of thermal networks that operate at a temperature level lower than traditional district heating. The scope of this work is to revise the definitions encountered and to introduce an unambiguous definition of Fifth-Generation District Heating and Cooling networks. A drawback-benefit analysis is presented to identify the pros and cons of such technology. The survey on the current networks shows that on average three Fifth-Generation District Heating and Cooling systems per year have entered the heating and cooling market in the last decade. Pioneer countries in such technology are Germany and Switzerland. For some networks, the assessed Linear Heating Power Demand Density results are lower than the feasibility threshold adopted in traditional district heating. High performances and low non-renewable primary energy factors are achieved in systems that exploit a very high share of renewable or urban excess heat sources. With respect to traditional district heating, the surveyed pumping energy consumptions result one order of magnitude higher, whereas the implemented control strategies can be completely different, leading the network temperature to float freely. Highlights • Different definitions of 5GDHC systems have been reviewed. • The key features of 40 5GDHC systems have been statistically analysed. • 5GDHC flexibility allows exploiting a multitude of local heat sources. • Existing 5GDHC networks are extended up to a district-scale achieving low primary energy factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.rser.2018.12.059
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 19
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    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Heating from central stations
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cooling systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Energy consumption of buildings
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      – SubjectFull: Heat pumps
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      – SubjectFull: Europe
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              Text: Apr2019
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